Why were Africans south of the Saharan desert excluded from the cultural diffusion of the Classical Era?

• They were nomadic

• They hated gold and salt

• The Sahara Desert created a natural geographic barrier that isolated them from the Mediterranean sea

• They were more interested in exploring the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

After the death of Mohammed there was a split between the Sunni and Shia factions of the Muslim religion. The split is based upon

(a)  

• The disagreement about who god was

• It was based upon the idea of Shallot

• It was based upon who should be the next leader
• It was based upon the old testament

What was the name given to Muhammad’s followers?

• Christians

• Muslims

• Sikhs

• Hindus

Muslims are commanded to pilgrimage to ​​ (a)   at least once in their lives.

• Assyria

• Madinah

• Mecca
• Yemen

Which is an effect of cultural diffusion along African gold-salt trade routes during the 8th and 9th centuries?

• the introduction of Islam

• the spread of gunpowder

• the invention of the printing press

• the discovery of Atlantic monsoons

The early caliphates ​ (a)   forced “people of the book” to convert and allowed religious tolerance in their empire.

• never
• always

​ ​ (a)   Muslims believed that the caliph must come directly from Muhammad’s bloodline.

• Shi'a
• Sunni

The Abbasid Capital of Baghdad was one of the:

• Most warlike cities in the world, with huge armies

• Most glorious cities in the world, with palaces, architecture, and marketplaces

• Most educated cities in the world, with scholars

• Most divided cities in the world, with civil wars

The trade across the Sahara desert between Muslim merchants and West African kingdom was primarily based on an exchange of

• Gold

• Salt

• Ivory

• Silk

Swahili language was a mixture of what two cultures?

• African & Arab

• Greek & Roman

• Indian & Persian

• Macedonian & Persian