Ekologi Industri - Input Output Analysis

What is the main principle behind Material Flow Analysis (MFA)?

• Maximizing profit in industrial systems

• Tracking and quantifying material inputs, outputs, and stocks in a defined system

• Reducing labor costs in manufacturing

• Measuring only the energy consumption of a process

Which of the following best describes the 'cradle-to-cradle' concept in life cycle thinking?

• A product is disposed of in a landfill at the end of its life

• A product is incinerated to recover energy

• A product is designed so its materials can be fully recycled or reused in new products

• A product is only used once and then discarded

In the context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), what is the correct order of the four main phases according to ISO 14040/44?

• Goal and scope definition, Inventory analysis, Impact assessment, Interpretation

• Inventory analysis, Goal and scope definition, Impact assessment, Interpretation

• Impact assessment, Inventory analysis, Goal and scope definition, Interpretation

• Interpretation, Impact assessment, Inventory analysis, Goal and scope definition

Which diagram is most commonly used to visualize energy or material flows in a system, with arrow widths proportional to flow quantities?

• Pie chart

• Bar graph

• Sankey diagram

• Scatter plot

What is the main purpose of integrating Input–Output Analysis (IOA) with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in a hybrid LCA?

• To reduce the number of calculations required

• To combine detailed process data with broad economic system coverage for more comprehensive results

• To focus only on direct emissions from manufacturing

• To eliminate the need for environmental data