Osteoporosis Quiz Prelims

What is the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of osteoporosis?

• Bone mineral density less than 1 standard deviation below the mean of a young, healthy adult.

• Bone mineral density at least 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of a young, healthy adult.

• T score less than -1.5

• T score more than -2.5

Which of the following statements is incorrect with regards to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning?

• Cortical and cancellous bone densities are indistinguishable on DEXA scans of the proximal femur.

• Vertebral fractures may give rise to false low density values.

• Osteoporosis is defined by a T-score lower than -2.5.

• A low Z-score indicates non age related bone loss.

Osteoporosis is a deficiency in:

• Calcium metabolism

• Calcium deposition

• Protein supporting tissue

• All of the above

• None of the above

The gene studied for application in osteoporosis is:

• Osteoprotegerin

• Transforming growth factor-Ã 1

• Bone morphogenetic protein

• LIM mineralization protein

Which of the following is not a component of the female athlete triad:

• Disordered eating

• Menstrual dysfunction

• Osteoporosis

• Excessive training

Loss of expression of which of the following gene induces osteoporosis

• Osteoprotegerin

• Transforming growth factor-Ã 1

• Bone morphogenetic protein

• LIM mineralization protein

Which of the following features is associated with type 1 osteoporosis:

• Primarily occurs in patients older than 75 years of age

• Cortical and trabecular bone are affected

• Related to estrogen deficiency rather than calcium intake

• Low turnover osteoporosis

Which of the following features is associated with type 2 osteoporosis:

• High turnover osteoporosis

• Loss of cortical and trabecular bone

• Greatest bone loss in the first 6 to 10 years following menopause

• Related to estrogen deficiency

Which of the following statements is false regarding the use of estrogen therapy to prevent osteoporosis:

• Osteoblasts have estrogen receptors.

• Estrogen decreases osteoclast activity.

• Estrogen modulates calcium absorption and renal excretion.

• The protective effect of estrogen therapy continues to prevent bone loss after therapy is discontinued.

Which of the following mechanisms of bisphosphonate action occurs when a bisphosphonate is used to treat osteoporosis:

• Increasing calcium absorption in the intestines

• Stimulating osteoblast precursors

• Decreasing urinary excretion of calcium

• Binding to hydroxyapatite crystals