Optometric Management for patients with Down Syndrome

Which of the following is a common eyelid abnormality in Down syndrome that can create the illusion of strabismus?

• ptosis

• prominent epicanthal folds

• chalazion

• entropion

What benign iris finding, appearing as speckled spots, is commonly associated with Down syndrome?

• iridodonesis

• heterochromia

• brushfield spots

• rubeosis iridis

What is the most common form of strabismus found in patients with Down syndrome?

• exotropia

• hypertropia

• intermittent exotropia

• esotropia

Why is cycloplegic refraction considered ESSENTIAL for patients with Down syndrome?

• To test for color vision deficiencies

• To assess the health of the optic nerve

• To reveal the full amount of hyperopia by paralyzing accommodation

• To measure intraocular pressure accurately

What is the main optical treatment for accommodative insufficiency in children with Down syndrome?

• Bifocals

• Progressive addition lenses

• Single-vision reading glasses

• Prism lenses

Which serious, sight-threatening corneal condition is significantly more prevalent in patients with Down syndrome?

• corneal ulcer

• keratoconus

• pterygium

• arcus senilis

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in Down syndrome often presents with all of the following EXCEPT:

• Reflux of mucus from the lacrimal sac

• Persistent epiphora (tearing)

• Painful, red eye with vision loss

• Intermittent mucopurulent discharge

According to the recommended schedule, how often should eye exams be conducted for a patient with Down syndrome from the age of 5 years onwards?

• Only when a problem is suspected

• Every year

• Every five years

• At least every two years

Which type of nystagmus is reported as the most common in children with Down syndrome?

• torsional nystagmus

• vertical nystagmus

• horizontal nystagmus

• pendular nystagmus

When managing amblyopia in a child with Down syndrome who cannot tolerate patching, what is a potential pharmacological alternative?

• Atropine drops

• Timolol drops

• Latanoprost drops

• Cyclopentolate drops