Lesson 15.1: Functions and Composition of Blood

Which of the following lists three functions of blood?

• Transport, protection, regulation

• Digestion, excretion, absorption

• Respiration, locomotion, sensation

• Filtration, secretion, insulation

Answer explanation

The correct choice, 'Transport, protection, regulation', highlights the primary functions of blood: transporting nutrients and oxygen, protecting against pathogens, and regulating body temperature and pH levels.

The composition of blood includes erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. Which statement correctly describes these blood cells and their formation?

• Erythrocytes carry oxygen, leukocytes fight infection, thrombocytes help clotting; all are formed in bone marrow.

• Erythrocytes fight infection, leukocytes carry oxygen, thrombocytes help clotting; all are formed in the liver.

• Erythrocytes help clotting, leukocytes carry oxygen, thrombocytes fight infection; all are formed in the spleen.

• Erythrocytes carry oxygen, leukocytes help clotting, thrombocytes fight infection; all are formed in the heart.

Answer explanation

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) carry oxygen, leukocytes (white blood cells) fight infection, and thrombocytes (platelets) help with clotting. All these cells are produced in the bone marrow, making the first choice correct.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

The composition, characteristics, and functions of red and white blood cells and platelets include the breakdown of red blood cells and the formation of bilirubin.

• Red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, platelets help in clotting, and bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of red blood cells.

• Red blood cells fight infection, white blood cells transport oxygen, platelets form antibodies, and bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of white blood cells.

• Red blood cells help in clotting, white blood cells transport nutrients, platelets fight infection, and bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of platelets.

• Red blood cells form antibodies, white blood cells help in clotting, platelets transport oxygen, and bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of white blood cells.

Answer explanation

The correct choice accurately describes the functions of red blood cells (transport oxygen), white blood cells (fight infection), and platelets (help in clotting), along with bilirubin formation from the breakdown of red blood cells.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

Fill in the blank: Blood transports many _______ around the body.

• substances

• organs

• bones

• muscles

Answer explanation

Blood transports many substances around the body, including oxygen, nutrients, and hormones. The other options, organs, bones, and muscles, are not transported by blood, making 'substances' the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Fill in the blank: Blood participates in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance, acid–base balance, and body _______.

• temperature

• weight

• pressure

• sugar

Answer explanation

Blood helps regulate body temperature by distributing heat throughout the body. This is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, making 'temperature' the correct choice to complete the statement.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Fill in the blank: Blood helps protect the body from _______.

• infection

• sunlight

• fatigue

• hunger

Answer explanation

Blood helps protect the body from infection by transporting white blood cells and antibodies that fight off pathogens, making 'infection' the correct choice. The other options do not relate to blood's protective functions.

Fill in the blank: Blood contains clotting factors, which help protect the body from excessive _______ loss.

• blood

• water

• oxygen

• heat

Answer explanation

Blood contains clotting factors that prevent excessive blood loss during injuries. The other options, such as water, oxygen, and heat, are not directly related to the primary function of clotting factors.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

What type of tissue is blood classified as?

• Epithelial tissue

• Connective tissue

• Muscle tissue

• Nervous tissue

Answer explanation

Blood is classified as connective tissue because it consists of cells suspended in a liquid matrix (plasma), which facilitates the transport of nutrients, gases, and waste, connecting various body systems.

Blood cells are found in a ______ matrix.

• liquid

• solid

• gaseous

• fibrous

Answer explanation

Blood cells are suspended in a liquid matrix known as plasma, which allows for their movement and function. Therefore, the correct answer is 'liquid'.

What determines the color of blood from bright red to darker blue-red?

• Amount of carbon dioxide

• Amount of oxygen (O₂)

• Amount of glucose

• Amount of protein

Answer explanation

The color of blood varies primarily due to the amount of oxygen (O₂) it carries. Oxygen-rich blood appears bright red, while oxygen-poor blood takes on a darker blue-red hue.