INFD Review 10/14

An 8-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician because of fever, cough, chills, and shortness of breath. The patient’s mother says that he has had numerous respiratory infections over the past 3 years, as well as a history of foul-smelling stools that float. Temperature is 39.4°C (103°F), pulse is 90/min, respiratory rate 30/min, systolic blood pressure is 112 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation is 92% on room air. On physical examination the patient appears small for his age. Expiratory crackles are heard bilaterally. Culture of the patient’s sputum is shown. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the toxin produced by the organism most likely responsible for this patient’s symptoms?

• Binds to 60S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis

• Directly binds to and activates MHC-II and T-lymphocyte receptors

• ADP ribosylates and inhibits elongation factor 2

• Inactivates mucosal bodies

Which of the following bacteria causes many of the same diseases as Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

• B. cepacia

• A. baumannii

• B. mallei

• B. pseudomallei

A 17-year-old female presents to her physician with pain in her right ear. She is an avid swimmer. Her temperature is 38.7°C (101.7°F). On examination, the right ear and the area around it are tender, warm, and erythematous. The right tympanic membrane is not visualized because of pain. Which of the following pathogens is the most likely cause of this patient’s symptoms?

• Burkholderia mallei

• Streptococcus pyogenes

• Haemophilus influenzae

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Which of the following bacteria causes infection associated with mechanical ventilation or indwelling catheters?

• B. pseudomallei

• B. mallei

• A. baumannii

• B. cepacia

Leah is a horse girl and loves her horses more than anything. However, she heard about a serious horse illness that can spread to humans via nasal secretions, and she’s worried for her precious horses. Which bacteria causes this disease?

• P. aeruginosa

• B. cepacia

• B. pseudomallei

• B. mallei

Deepti is broke and decided to join the army to help pay for medical school. She was deployed in Iraq and came back with infected combat injuries. Which of the following is the most likely pathogen that caused her infection?

• A. baumannii

• B. cepacia

• B. pseudomallei

• B. mallei

Sarah went to Thailand for vacation. While they were there, they were clumsy and skinned their knee. Unfortunately, Sarah also got an infection. Which of the following is the most likely pathogen?

• P. aeruginosa

• B. cepacia

• B. pseudomallei

• B. mallei

Sabrina is studying the bacteria that causes strep throat. She wants to include a detailed image of the bacteria and its internal structures within the paper, but the electron microscope is broken. What’s the next best option for her particular objective?

• Fluorescent microscopy

• Dark-field microscopy

• Phase-contrast microscopy

• Bright-field microscopy

Phoebe is learning how to use a light microscope for the first time. She finds an old box of slides and decides to use one to practice. Which would be best for her to practice with?

• Coronavirus

• Group A Streptococcus

• Borrelia burgdorferi

• Treponema pallidum

Which stain should be used in a suspected case of Tuberculosis? 

• Gram stain

• Ziehl-Neelsen stain

• Iron hematoxylin stain

• Trichrome stain