Cosmetology: Body Systems, Bones, Muscles, and Nerves

How is anatomy different from physiology?

• Anatomy is the study of interior parts of the human body, whereas physiology is the study of external parts of the human body.

• Anatomy is the study of the structures of the human body, whereas physiology is the study of the activities of those structures.

• Anatomy is the study of the skeletal system of the human body, whereas physiology is the study the organ systems of the human body.

• Anatomy is the study of individual organs of the human body, whereas physiology is the study of organ systems of the human body.

Answer explanation

Anatomy studies the structure of the body (what it is, where things are), while physiology studies the function of the body (how it works and why)

What happens during mitosis?

• A cell combines simple molecules to form a complex molecule.

• Enzymes in cell fluid digest other molecules for food.

• A cell reproduces by dividing into two identical cells.

• The tissue surrounding a cell allows certain substances to enter the cell.

Answer explanation

One cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells through a process of nuclear division. This happens in five phases—prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase—which ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete and accurate set of chromosomes, which is vital for growth, cell repair, and asexual reproduction. 

Which type of tissue binds and supports other body tissue?

• nerve tissue

• muscle tissue

• connective tissue

• epithelial tissue

Which scenario is an example of a situation in which a cosmetologist should understand the endocrine system?

• A cosmetologist experiences pain when moving the hands and wrists after prolonged and repetitive activity servicing clients.

• A pregnant woman shows signs of a skin condition that is related to increased levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

• A cosmetologist is preparing to shave a client who, in a consultation, mentioned being prone to cuts and bleeding when shaving.

• A cosmetologist is designing a new facial makeup application for a client for a special event.

Which statement best describes the relationship between organs and body systems?

• An organ is a group of tissues that performs a specific function, whereas a body system is a group of organs that works together to perform functions.

• An organ is a group of tissues that performs a specific function, whereas a body system is a group of organs located next to each other in the body.

• An organ is a group of tissues that performs a specific function, whereas a body system provides a protective enclosure around a group of organs.

• An organ is a group of tissues that performs a specific function, whereas a single body system controls the entire body.

A cosmetologist is designing a new eye makeup style for a client. Which bones will affect the appearance of the eye makeup that is applied?

• the zygomatic bones and the lacrimal bones

• the parietal bone and the occipital bone

• the metacarpus and the phalanges

• the metatarsals and the tarsals

Which of these scenarios of a possible cosmetology task is a situation in which a cosmetologist needs knowledge of the metacarpus and the phalanges?

• A cosmetologist is giving a client a body wrap treatment.

• A cosmetologist is massaging a client’s hands during a manicure service.

• A cosmetologist is considering the contours of the head when designing a new hairstyle.

• A cosmetologist is massaging a client’s feet during a pedicure service

Which part of the skeletal system has the function of protecting the brain?

• scapula

• metacarpus

• mandible

• cranium

What is the function of the cervical vertebrae?

• to connect the sternum and the scapula

• to support the body’s weight

• to give support and structure to the neck

• to support the tongue and its muscles

What are the seven bones in the ankle area collectively called?

• the metatarsals

• the tarsals

• the carpus

• the metacarpus