Thermodynamics Concepts and Principles

What is the primary focus of thermodynamics?

• Studying the movement of celestial bodies.

• Converting energy, often in the form of heat and work.

• Analyzing the structure of atoms and molecules.

• Designing electrical circuits and systems.

What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics state about thermal equilibrium?

• Energy can be created or destroyed but not converted.

• If two objects are in thermal equilibrium with a third object, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.

• The total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

• Heat always flows from a colder body to a hotter body.

Which principle is applied by the First Law of Thermodynamics?

• The law of universal gravitation.

• The law of conservation of mass.

• The law of conservation of energy.

• The law of definite proportions.

Which type of kinetic energy describes an object moving from one location to another?

• Rotational kinetic energy

• Vibrational kinetic energy

• Translational kinetic energy

• Potential kinetic energy

What is internal energy?

• The energy associated with the random movement of molecules.

• The energy of an object due to its motion.

• The stored energy of an object due to its position.

• The energy transferred as heat between objects.

Which of the following can result from changes in a system's internal energy?

• Changes in temperature.

• Changes in phase (e.g., solid to gas).

• Changes in chemical structure.

• All of the above.

Which types of energy can cross the boundary between a system and its surroundings?

• Internal energy and kinetic energy.

• Potential energy and internal energy.

• Heat and work.

• Kinetic energy and potential energy.

What characterizes an adiabatic process in thermodynamics?

• The volume of the system remains constant.

• There is no heat transfer between the system and its surroundings.

• The system is stationary, with no change in kinetic or potential energy.

• The system performs no work on its surroundings.