Gene Expression and Regulation Concepts

What does it mean for a gene to be 'expressed'?

• The gene is copied into another DNA molecule.

• The gene is used to create a functional product, like a protein.

• The gene is removed from the cell.

• The gene changes its location within the cell.

Which two processes are involved in making a protein from a gene?

• Replication and Mitosis

• Transcription and Translation

• Photosynthesis and Respiration

• Diffusion and Osmosis

How does gene expression in prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not.

• In prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation happen at the same time and place.

• Eukaryotic cells do not express genes.

• Prokaryotic cells only express genes for stomach acid.

In the Lac Operon, what is the main role of a repressor protein?

• To increase the rate of transcription.

• To break down lactose into smaller sugars.

• To block RNA polymerase from starting transcription.

• To transport mRNA out of the nucleus.

What happens to the genes responsible for using lactose when lactose is present in a prokaryotic cell?

• They are blocked by a repressor.

• They are expressed, and an enzyme is created.

• They are not expressed, and no enzyme is created.

• They are permanently turned off.

How can methyl groups affect gene transcription in eukaryotic cells?

• They loosen the DNA packing, allowing more transcription.

• They remove histones from the DNA.

• They tighten the DNA packing, blocking transcription factors.

• They directly translate DNA into protein.

What are the segments of mRNA that are removed before translation in eukaryotic cells called?

• Exons

• Ribosomes

• Introns

• Codons

What happens to translation if the eIF-2 protein is phosphorylated?

• Translation speeds up significantly.

• Translation is initiated more easily.

• Translation is blocked, and no protein is made.

• The mRNA is immediately degraded.