Understanding Antibiotics and Immunity

Which of these is NOT typically considered a pathogen that the immune system protects against?

• Bacteria

• Viruses

• Fungi

• Healthy body cells

What forms the body's first line of defense against pathogens?

• Macrophages

• B and T cells

• Skin and mucous membranes

• Antibodies

What is the main function of memory B and T cells in the immune system?

• To cause an inflammatory response.

• To engulf foreign invaders.

• To remember specific pathogens and respond faster if they return.

• To produce antigens that attract other immune cells.

How do antibiotics help fight bacterial infections?

• They help the body remember past infections.

• They damage bacterial cell walls or stop bacteria from making important proteins.

• They expose the body to a weakened form of the bacteria.

• They directly engulf and destroy bacteria.

What is the main way vaccines protect the body from diseases?

• They directly kill all pathogens in the body.

• They prevent pathogens from entering the body.

• They train the immune system to recognize and fight future infections.

• They make the body immune to all types of diseases.

What is "herd immunity"?

• When a large number of people in a community are immune to a disease, protecting those who are not.

• When animals are vaccinated to prevent the spread of disease to humans.

• When everyone in a population has received the same vaccine.

• When a disease only affects a small group of people.

What is the primary difference between antibiotics and antivirals?

• Antibiotics treat viruses, while antivirals treat bacteria.

• Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, while antivirals treat viral infections.

• Antibiotics prevent diseases, while antivirals cure them.

• Antibiotics are given as shots, while antivirals are pills.

Why is a new flu shot often needed each year?

• The flu vaccine from the previous year expires.

• The flu virus frequently changes and mutates.

• People forget to get their flu shot if it's the same every year.

• The flu shot only provides temporary immunity for one season.