The Sumerian civilization developed in which region?

• Indus Valley

• Mesopotamia

• Nile Delta

• Yellow River Valley

Answer explanation

The Sumerian civilization developed in Mesopotamia, a region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known as the cradle of civilization. The other options refer to different ancient cultures.

The term “Mesopotamia” means—

• Land of many mountains

• Land between two rivers

• Fertile forest region

• Desert kingdom

Answer explanation

The term 'Mesopotamia' is derived from Greek, meaning 'land between two rivers,' specifically the Tigris and Euphrates. This geographical feature is central to the region's historical significance and agricultural development.

Which two rivers were vital to Sumer’s survival?

• Tigris and Euphrates

• Nile and Amazon

• Ganges and Indus

• Yangtze and Huang He

Answer explanation

The Tigris and Euphrates rivers were crucial for Sumer's agriculture and trade, providing water and fertile soil in an otherwise arid region, which was essential for the civilization's survival and development.

Archaeologists first learned about Sumer from—

• Artifacts like the Standard of Ur

• Greek scrolls

• Roman letters

• Biblical stories

Answer explanation

Archaeologists learned about Sumer primarily through artifacts like the Standard of Ur, which provide direct evidence of Sumerian culture, society, and daily life, unlike the other options that are less direct or relevant.

What helped Sumerians create a stable food supply?

• Hunting and fishing

• Irrigation and the plow

• Importing grain

• Mountain gardening

Answer explanation

The Sumerians developed irrigation systems and used the plow, which allowed them to efficiently manage water supply and cultivate land, leading to a stable food supply. This was more effective than hunting, fishing, or importing grain.

What was the main purpose of the plow?

• Carry goods

• Cut stone

• Turn soil for planting

• Harvest wheat

Answer explanation

The main purpose of the plow is to turn soil for planting, which prepares the ground for crops. This is essential for agriculture, making it easier to sow seeds and improve soil aeration.

What is a civilization?

• A society with arts, science, and organization

• A group of tribes

• A hunting community

• A nomadic society

Answer explanation

A civilization is defined as a society with arts, science, and organization, distinguishing it from simpler social structures like tribes, hunting communities, or nomadic societies.

What is a city-state?

• A small village

• An independent city with its own government

• A district under a king

• A religious center

Answer explanation

A city-state is defined as an independent city that has its own government, distinguishing it from a small village, a district under a king, or a religious center. Thus, the correct answer is an independent city with its own government.

What were Sumerian houses made from?

• Stone

• Mud bricks

• Wood

• Clay tiles

Answer explanation

Sumerian houses were primarily made from mud bricks, which were abundant in the region. This material was ideal for construction, providing durability and insulation, unlike stone or wood, which were less commonly used.

Who ruled Sumerian city-states?

• Soldiers

• Kings

• Farmers

• Scribes

Answer explanation

Kings ruled the Sumerian city-states, exercising authority and governance. They were responsible for maintaining order, leading armies, and overseeing religious practices, unlike soldiers, farmers, or scribes who had different roles.