Endocrine System and Hormonal Functions

What is a common misconception about the primary role of hormones in the human body?

• They are only responsible for maintaining body temperature.

• They are exclusively involved in sexual development and reproduction.

• They only affect brain function and mood.

• They are solely produced by the nervous system.

Besides reproduction, which of the following is a key function regulated by hormones?

• Controlling muscle contractions for movement.

• Regulating metabolism and energy balance.

• Filtering waste products from the blood.

• Processing sensory information.

How does the endocrine system primarily transmit its messages throughout the body, in contrast to the nervous system?

• Through fast electrical impulses via neurons.

• By secreting hormones that travel through the bloodstream.

• Using direct physical contact between cells.

• Via a network of specialized ducts.

Which gland is known as the "master gland" because it produces hormones that signal other glands to release their own hormones?

• Thyroid gland

• Adrenal gland

• Pituitary gland

• Pancreas

What characteristic of a hormone determines whether its receptor is located on the outside or inside of a target cell's membrane?

• Its size and shape.

• Its chemical structure (water-soluble or lipid-soluble).

• The specific organ it targets.

• The overall health of the individual.

Which organ is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels by releasing hormones like insulin and glucagon?

• Liver

• Kidneys

• Pancreas

• Thyroid

What is the main effect of insulin released by beta cells in the pancreas?

• Increase blood sugar levels

• Decrease blood sugar levels

• Stimulate glucagon production

• Increase heart rate

When blood sugar levels drop too low, what hormone do alpha cells in the pancreas release to help raise them?

• Insulin

• Cortisol

• Glucagon

• Adrenaline

The HPA axis, which regulates many bodily processes and stress response, involves interactions between which three main glands?

• Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal

• Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Adrenal

• Pancreas, Liver, Kidneys

• Pineal, Thymus, Gonads

During a fight-or-flight response, what is one of the effects of stress hormones like cortisol?

• Lowering blood pressure

• Increasing glucose in the bloodstream

• Enhancing the immune system

• Promoting digestion