Short Term Memory

What is the primary function of short-term memory?

• To store information permanently

• To retrieve information from long-term memory

• To hold and manipulate information for a short period

• To filter out irrelevant information

What is the approximate capacity of short-term memory?

• 1-2 chunks of information

• 5-9 chunks of information

• 10-15 chunks of information

• Unlimited capacity

Who proposed the idea of the "magic number" 7 ± 2?

• Ulric Neisser

• Alan Baddeley

• George Miller

• Elizabeth Loftus

What does Miller's magic number refer to?

• The capacity of long-term memory

• The capacity of short-term memory

• The number of sensory receptors in the human body

• The number of cognitive biases

What type of coding is used in short-term memory to store verbal information?

• Acoustic coding

• Visual coding

• Semantic coding

• Episodic coding

Which of the following is an example of chunking in short-term memory?

• Repeating a phone number out loud

• Breaking down a long number into smaller groups

• Remembering a list of unrelated words

• Forgetting a password

What happens to information in short-term memory if it is not rehearsed or repeated?

• It gets stored in long-term memory

• It gets forgotten

• It gets transferred to sensory memory

• It gets retrieved automatically

A person is trying to remember a shopping list that includes the following items: milk, eggs, bread, chicken, apples, and oranges and groups the items into categories (e.g., dairy, meat, fruits). What principle is being applied here?

• Sensory Memory

• Chunking

• Working memory capacity

• Long-term potentiation

A student is trying to memorize a list of vocabulary words. To take advantage of both the primacy and recency effects, the student should review:

• Only the words at the beginning of the list

• Only the words at the end of the list

• The words at the beginning and end of the list

• The words in the middle of the list

Which of the following strategies is most likely to improve retention of information in short-term memory?

• Repeating the information out loud

• Visualizing the information as images

• Organizing the information into categories

• All of the above