Which combination best describes the Sense-Think/Plan-Act control loop in a robot?

• Collect data from sensors, make decisions or plans, and execute actions through actuators

• Store past data, compress it, and transmit it over a network

• Generate random actions first, then observe and finally plan later

• Only process visual information and display text outputs

In the Sensing-Planning-Acting process, which step would include path planning and motion planning?

• Sensing

• Planning (Think/Plan)

• Acting

• Calibration

An excavator autonomously loads soil into a truck by asking internally, “where is the truck?” and “where should I dig?” Which control-loop sequence enables this behavior?

• Acting → Sensing → Planning

• Planning → Acting → Sensing

• Sensing → Planning → Acting

• Sensing only

Which option best explains why robots are deployed in 4D environments?

• They are cheaper than all human labor in every context

• They can operate where tasks are Dangerous, Dirty, Dull, or Difficult

• They eliminate the need for any human oversight

• They guarantee zero errors in all operations

A hospital wants to use robots to support surgeons in the operating room without fully replacing them. Which 4A task category does this scenario most closely represent?

• Automation

• Augmentation

• Assistance

• Autonomous

Which statement best describes the principle underlying how sensors work in robotics?

• Sensors directly compute decisions without measuring energy.

• Each sensor follows a transduction principle, converting energy from one form to another to map an environmental attribute to a quantitative measurement.

• Sensors only detect visual information and ignore other environmental attributes.

• Transducers are unrelated to sensors and handle only mechanical energy.

A robot must determine its joint angle to accurately position its arm while manipulating an object. Which sensor role from the material most closely matches this need?

• Obstacle detection in outdoor navigation

• Localization within a maze

• Measuring the position of a robot arm

• Detecting human intent via voice commands

Why are sensors essential for robot operation according to the material? Choose the best answer.

• They replace controllers entirely by making final decisions.

• They measure properties of the robot’s internal state or external environment and convert them into electronic signals the controller can interpret, enabling perception, data gathering, reaction, navigation, accurate task performance, and decision-making.

• They only provide aesthetic features that make robots appear advanced.

• They eliminate the need for programming by autonomously learning everything.

Which set lists only exteroceptive sensing modalities shown in the material?

• Light, sound, tactile, temperature, proximity

• IMU, encoder, tilt, localization

• Angle sensing, inertial sensing, pressure inside actuators

• Motor current, battery voltage, joint torque

A robot needs reliable orientation and stability estimates while walking. Which approach is most appropriate based on the concepts shown?

• Use only a tilt sensor to reduce computation

• Use an IMU alone and ignore any other data source

• Combine IMU and tilt data through sensor fusion to improve estimates

• Rely on temperature and pressure readings to estimate orientation