DNA and Protein Structure Quiz

What is the basic building block of DNA?

• Amino acid

• Nucleotide

• Fatty acid

• Monosaccharide

Which nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine in DNA?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Uracil

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

• Double helix

• Single strand

• Triple helix

• Circular loop

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Ligase

• Primase

Given the DNA sequence: ATCG, what would be the complementary strand?

• TAGC

• ATCG

• GCAT

• CGTA

Which process describes how DNA is copied before cell division?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Mutation

Why is it important that DNA replication is "semi-conservative"?

• It produces two completely new DNA molecules.

• Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.

• It only copies half of the DNA.

• It conserves energy during replication.

How does the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

• By direct bonding of DNA to amino acids

• Through the genetic code, where sets of three nucleotides (codons) specify amino acids

• By random selection during protein synthesis

• By the shape of the DNA molecule

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A mutation changes one base in a DNA sequence. Predict how this could affect the protein produced.

• It will always produce a longer protein.

• It may change one amino acid, potentially altering the protein’s function.

• It will have no effect on the protein.

• It will always stop protein production.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Explain how the structure of DNA allows it to be accurately replicated during cell division.

• The double helix structure allows each strand to serve as a template for a new strand, ensuring accurate copying.

• DNA is circular, which makes replication easier.

• DNA is made of proteins that copy themselves.

• DNA replication does not require a template.