What is the function of the supporting cell (neuroglia): Astrocytes

Astrocytes support neurons and maintain homeostasis in the brain.

Astrocytes produce neurotransmitters for communication.

Astrocytes are responsible for muscle contraction.

Astrocytes generate electrical impulses in neurons.

What is the function of the supporting cell (neuroglia): Microglia

Microglia act as the immune defense in the central nervous system, removing debris and responding to injury.

Microglia are responsible for the formation of myelin sheaths.

Microglia primarily support the growth of blood vessels in the brain.

Microglia produce neurotransmitters for communication between neurons.

What is the function of the supporting cell (neuroglia): ependymal cells

Ependymal cells produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Ependymal cells form the blood-brain barrier.

Ependymal cells store nutrients for nerve cells.

Ependymal cells transmit electrical signals between neurons.

What is the function of the supporting cell (neuroglia): oligodendrocytes

The function of oligodendrocytes is to form the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system.

Oligodendrocytes are responsible for neurotransmitter release.

Oligodendrocytes help in the regeneration of damaged neurons.

Oligodendrocytes provide structural support to blood vessels in the brain.

What are the two names of the supporting cells of the PNS?

Schwann cells and satellite cells

Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes

What is the function of Schwann cells?

The function of Schwann cells is to produce myelin sheath and support nerve regeneration.

To produce hormones for the endocrine system.

To facilitate blood flow in the brain.

To act as a barrier against pathogens in the nervous system.

What is the function of satellite cells?

The function of satellite cells is to aid in muscle repair and regeneration.

To store energy in muscle cells.

To produce hormones for muscle growth.

To transmit nerve signals to muscles.

What is the structure of a neuron?

The structure of a neuron includes the cell body, dendrites, and axon.

The structure of a neuron consists of the nucleus and mitochondria.

Neurons are made up of only the cell body and synapses.

The main components of a neuron are the axon terminal and neurotransmitters.

What is the function of a neuron?

to transmit information throughout the nervous system.

To store memories in the brain.

To produce hormones in the body.

To provide structural support to tissues.

Whare are dendrites located?

On neurons, extending from the cell body.

Within the liver, processing nutrients.

In the heart, regulating blood flow.

On muscle cells, aiding in contraction.

What is the function of dendrites?

to receive signals from other neurons.

Dendrites protect the neuron from damage.

Dendrites are responsible for producing neurotransmitters.

Dendrites transmit signals to muscles.

Where is the cell body located?

In the central part of a neuron.

In the dendrites of the neuron.

What is the function of a cell body?

The cell body processes information and maintains the cell's functions.

The cell body transports nutrients to other cells.

The cell body is responsible for cell division.

The cell body stores genetic material.

Where is the axon hillock located?

At the junction of the cell body and the axon of a neuron.

Where is a axon located?

In the nervous system, extending from the neuron's cell body.

In the digestive system, near the stomach.

In the circulatory system, within blood vessels.

In the respiratory system, inside the lungs.

What is the function of myelin?

to insulate nerve fibers and increase the speed of electrical signal transmission.

Myelin acts as a source of energy for nerve cells.

Myelin is responsible for muscle contraction.

Myelin helps in the production of neurotransmitters.

Which cells form myelin sheaths in the CNS vs the PNS?

Oligodendrocytes in the CNS; Schwann cells in the PNS.

Astrocytes in the CNS; Satellite cells in the PNS.

Microglia in the CNS; Fibroblasts in the PNS.

Ependymal cells in the CNS; Macrophages in the PNS.

Nuclei are in the CNS; ganglia are in the PNS.

Nuclei and ganglia are both located in the brain.

Ganglia are clusters of neurons in the CNS; nuclei are in the PNS.

Nuclei are found in the PNS; ganglia are in the CNS.

tracts vs nerves (bundle of nerves)

Tracts are in the CNS; nerves are in the PNS.

Tracts are found in the PNS; nerves are in the CNS.

Nerves are bundles of tracts in the CNS.

Tracts and nerves are both found in the CNS.

white matter vs gray matter (CNS)

White matter is for communication; gray matter is for processing.

White matter is for processing; gray matter is for communication.

Gray matter is primarily found in the spinal cord, while white matter is in the brain.

White matter contains more neurons than gray matter.

What are the three functional classifications of neurons?

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons

Cognitive neurons, peripheral neurons, motor neurons

Reflex neurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons

Peripheral neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons

Distinguish between: Multipolar, bipolar and unipolar neurons

Unipolar neurons have one process, bipolar neurons have two processes, and multipolar neurons have multiple processes.

Unipolar neurons have two processes, bipolar neurons have one process, and multipolar neurons have three processes.

Bipolar neurons have one process, unipolar neurons have multiple processes, and multipolar neurons have two processes.

Multipolar neurons have one process, unipolar neurons have two processes, and bipolar neurons have multiple processes.

1. Describe the resting state of a neuron. Where is each ion most abundant? Is the membrane polarized or depolarized? What relevant ions is the membrane permeable and impermeable to?

The resting state of a neuron is polarized; Na+ is most abundant outside, K+ is most abundant inside. The membrane is permeable to K+ and slightly to Na+, but impermeable to negatively charged ions.

The resting state of a neuron is depolarized; Na+ is most abundant inside, K+ is most abundant outside.

The membrane is impermeable to K+ and permeable to negatively charged ions.

The resting state of a neuron is neutral; Na+ and K+ are equally abundant inside and outside.

1. Describe a graded potential.

A graded potential is a localized change in membrane potential that varies in magnitude and can lead to action potentials.

A graded potential is a permanent change in the neuron's structure.

A graded potential is a rapid, all-or-nothing response of a neuron.

A graded potential is a type of neurotransmitter released at the synapse.

a. How does a graded potential differ from an action potential?

Graded potentials vary in magnitude and can summate; action potentials are all-or-nothing and have a fixed size.

Graded potentials are always larger than action potentials.

Action potentials can vary in size and can summate.

Graded potentials are only found in muscle cells.

What happens to the polarity of the membrane during a graded potential

The membrane becomes depolarized.

The membrane becomes hyperpolarized.

The membrane remains unchanged.

The membrane experiences a complete reversal of polarity.

How/when do graded potentials trigger an action potential? I

Graded potentials trigger an action potential when they reach the threshold level of depolarization.

Graded potentials only trigger action potentials in muscle cells.

Action potentials can occur without any graded potentials.

Graded potentials always trigger action potentials regardless of depolarization.

How does an action potential propagate down a neuron?

An action potential propagates by sequential opening of sodium channels, followed by potassium channels, along the axon.

An action potential propagates through the myelin sheath without any ion channel activity.

An action potential moves by the diffusion of ions in the extracellular fluid.

An action potential travels by releasing neurotransmitters into the synapse.

1. After an action potential is propagated, repolarization occurs. What does this mean?

Repolarization means the return of the membrane potential to a negative value after depolarization.

Repolarization is the process of increasing the membrane potential to a positive value.

Repolarization refers to the initial phase of an action potential before depolarization.

Repolarization occurs when the membrane potential remains constant after an action potential.

What is the general structure of a synapse?

A synapse generally consists of a presynaptic terminal, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane.

A synapse is made up of neurons only.

A synapse consists of only the presynaptic terminal.

A synapse includes a nucleus and cytoplasm.

Describe how neurons communicate across a synapse.

Neurons communicate across a synapse by releasing neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on the adjacent neuron.

Neurons communicate by sending electrical signals directly to each other.

Neurons use hormones to transmit messages across the synapse.

Neurons communicate by absorbing nutrients from the synapse.

A reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus.

A reflex is a type of muscle that helps with movement.

A reflex is a learned behavior over time.

A reflex is a conscious decision made by the brain.

Somatic reflex vs. autonomic reflex

Somatic reflexes are voluntary and involve skeletal muscles, while autonomic reflexes are involuntary and involve smooth muscles.

Autonomic reflexes are voluntary and involve smooth muscles.

Somatic reflexes are involuntary and involve skeletal muscles.

Somatic reflexes are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

What are the four main regions of the brain?

Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem, Diencephalon

Cortex, Hippocampus, Amygdala, Basal Ganglia

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Medulla, Pons

Frontal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Parietal Lobe

What are the four main lobes of the brain?

Frontal, Parietal ,Temporal, Occipital

Brainstem, cerebrum, cerebellum, frontal

Cerebellum parietal, temporal, brainstem

Hippocampus brainstem, occipital, cerebrum

What functions is the cerebral cortex responsible for?

higher brain functions such as sensory perception, motor control, reasoning, language, and decision-making.

Processing and storing long-term memories

Controlling reflex actions and involuntary movements

Regulating heart rate and blood pressure

What is the general function of cerebral white matter and basal nuclei?

Cerebral white matter transmits signals between brain regions; basal nuclei regulate motor control and coordination.

Cerebral white matter regulates emotions; basal nuclei manage sensory perception.

Cerebral white matter is responsible for breathing; basal nuclei control heart rate.

Cerebral white matter stores memories; basal nuclei process visual information.

What are the three major structures of the diencephalon?

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus

What is the of function of thalamus

The thalamus functions as a sensory relay and regulator of consciousness.

The thalamus produces hormones for metabolism.

The thalamus is responsible for motor coordination.

The thalamus regulates body temperature and hydration.

What is the function f the hypothalamus?

The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis, including temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormonal control.

The hypothalamus is responsible for vision and hearing.

The hypothalamus controls muscle movement and coordination.

The hypothalamus regulates blood pressure and heart rate.

What is the function of the epithalamus?

The epithalamus regulates circadian rhythms and emotional responses.

The epithalamus is responsible for muscle coordination.

The epithalamus controls heart rate and blood pressure.

The epithalamus produces hormones for digestion.

Location and function of the midbrain

The midbrain is located in the brainstem and functions in processing visual and auditory information, motor control, and regulating sleep.

The midbrain is located in the cerebellum and controls breathing.

The midbrain is part of the forebrain and is responsible for memory storage.

The midbrain is located in the spinal cord and regulates heart rate.

Location and function of pons

The pons is located in the brainstem and functions as a communication pathway and regulator of vital functions.

The pons is located in the cerebellum and controls motor skills.

The pons is part of the spinal cord and regulates digestion.

The pons is found in the forebrain and is responsible for vision.

Location and function of medulla oblongata

The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem and regulates vital functions.

The medulla oblongata is located in the spinal cord and processes sensory information.

The medulla oblongata is found in the cerebellum and controls motor skills.

The medulla oblongata is part of the limbic system and regulates emotions.

Unit 3 Chapter 7-9 Test Study Guide

Authored by Claire Markwich

Biology

University

Used 1+ times

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124 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

1. What are the primary functions of the nervous system?

Facilitate digestion and nutrient absorption

Regulate body temperature and blood pressure

The primary functions of the nervous system are to receive sensory input, process information, coordinate responses, and maintain homeostasis.

Produce hormones for growth and development

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What are the organs that make up the CNS?

Heart and lungs

Liver and kidneys

Stomach and intestines

Brain and spinal cord

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the function of the sensory division (afferent)?

The sensory division sends signals from the brain to the body.

The sensory division is responsible for motor control.

The sensory division regulates hormone levels in the body.

The function of the sensory division (afferent) is to transmit sensory information from the body to the central nervous system.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the function of motor (efferent) division?

To receive sensory information from the environment.

To process information within the CNS.

To transmit signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.

To regulate blood flow and heart rate.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What does the somatic nervous system regulate?

Involuntary reflexes and motor skills.

Digestive functions and hormone regulation.

Emotional responses and memory processing.

Voluntary movements and sensory information.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

Sensory perception such as sight and hearing.

Voluntary muscle movements like walking and running.

Involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.

Cognitive functions like memory and decision making.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Somatic nervous system and enteric nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Cerebral nervous system and spinal nervous system

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