The WYTBoard Session #3 Post Assessment

Which of the following structures is the main site for gas exchange in the lungs?

• Trachea

• Alveoli

• Bronchi

• Pleura

What is the main muscle responsible for breathing?

• Intercostal muscles

• Abdominal muscles

• Diaphragm

• 1. Pectoralis major

Which hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, directly stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol during stress?

• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

• Growth hormone (GH)

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

During inhalation, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs compared to the atmospheric pressure?

• A. It becomes greater

• B. It becomes lower

• C. It remains the same

• D. It becomes equal

A patient has damage to the alveolar walls, leading to reduced surface area for gas exchange. What condition does this most likely indicate?

• Asthma

• Bronchitis

• Emphysema

• Pneumonia

A child eats a meal containing bread, butter, and chicken. Which sequence best describes how the major nutrients in this meal are digested in the body?

• All nutrients are digested only in the small intestine.

• Carbohydrates begin digestion in the mouth, fats in the mouth and stomach, and proteins in the stomach and small intestine.

• Carbohydrates are digested in the stomach, fats in the mouth, and proteins in the small intestine.

A patient presents with symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and slowed heart rate. Lab tests show low levels of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). What is the most likely diagnosis, and which gland is primarily affected?

• Addison's disease; adrenal gland

• Hyperthyroidism; thyroid gland

• Secondary hypothyroidism; pituitary gland

• Primary hypothyroidism; thyroid gland

Explain how negative feedback regulates hormone levels in the endocrine system using the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis as an example.

• High thyroid hormone levels inhibit TRH and TSH secretion to reduce hormone production

• High TSH levels stimulate TRH release from hypothalamus

• Low thyroid hormone levels increase cortisol secretion

• High TRH secretion causes the adrenal gland to release aldosterone

A nurse assesses a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus who is exhibiting rapid breathing, fruity-smelling breath, and confusion. Which complication is likely occurring, and what is the underlying endocrine mechanism?

• Hypoglycemia; excess insulin causes blood sugar to drop

• Diabetic ketoacidosis; insulin deficiency leads to fat breakdown and ketone production

• Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state; severe dehydration without ketones

• Cushing's syndrome; excess cortisol increases blood sugar

  Correct

choose the best picture

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