What was the primary occupation of the Ubaid culture before towns evolved into cities?

• Farming

• Trading

• Craftsmanship

• Soldiering

Which rivers were crucial for trade expansion in the Ubaid culture?

• Tigris and Euphrates

• Nile and Amazon

• Indus and Ganges

• Danube and Rhine

What was the role of religion in city life according to the passage?

• Central role

• Minimal role

• No role

• Occasional role

Which social class included merchants and craftsmen in ancient Mesopotamian cities?

• Middle class

• Lower class

• Upper class

• Slave class

What was the main engineering achievement of the Sumerians to make their land useful?

• Digging canals

• Building temples

• Constructing roads

• Developing irrigation systems

What innovation allowed Sumerians to expand farming from tiny plots to large fields?

• Effective plows pulled by oxen

• Advanced irrigation systems

• Wheeled chariots

• Sailing ships

What transportation innovation did the Sumerians develop to move goods to markets?

• Wheeled chariots and carts

• Horse-drawn carriages

• Steam engines

• Railroads

What enabled the Sumerians to trade goods beyond their cities?

• Ships with sails

• Advanced roads

• Railway systems

• Airplanes

Which cities were among the first to emerge in ancient Mesopotamia?

• Eridu and Uruk

• Babylon and Nineveh

• Athens and Sparta

• Rome and Carthage

What resource did Sumerians have a surplus of that they were able to trade with other cultures for items they did not have?

• Crops harvested

• Metal goods

• Stone tools

• Wooden artifacts