The Structure of DNA

Which of the following explains how Oswald Avery’s discovery and Frederick Griffith’s experiment are related?

• A. Avery discovered that the factor that transformed harmless bacteria into pneumonia-causing bacteria from Griffith’s experiment was a molecule called DNA.

• B. Avery discovered that the factor that transformed harmless bacteria into pneumonia-causing bacteria from Griffith’s experiment was a molecule called RNA.

• C. Avery discovered that bacteriophages were responsible for the disease-causing bacteria that were studied in Griffith’s experiments.

• D. Avery discovered that when a single cell splits open, hundreds of viruses, similar to the viruses studied by Griffith, are released.

What are three tasks that DNA performs?

• DNA stores genetic information.

• DNA copies itself.

• DNA instructs cells to produce needed molecules.

• DNA discards foreign genes.

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Moving from left to right in the model, what are the names of the three components?

• A. 5-carbon sugar; nitrogenous base; phosphate group

• B. nucleic acid; 5-carbon sugar; amino group

• C. 5-carbon sugar; nitrogenous base; carboxyl group

• D. nitrogenous base; 5-carbon sugar; phosphate group

Which of these nitrogenous base compositions in DNA describe Chargaff's rules? Select all that apply.

• The DNA of all members of a species has the same nitrogenous base composition.

• The percentage of A is always almost equal to the percentage of T, and the percentage of G is always almost equal to the percentage of C.

• The percentage of A is always almost equal to the percentage of G, and the percentage of T is always almost equal to the percentage of C.

• For every adenine in a double-stranded DNA molecule, there has to be exactly one thymine.

What was revealed by the photograph that enabled Watson and Crick to build their model of the DNA molecule?

• The DNA strands are twisted around each other.

• There are two strands in the DNA molecule.

• The nitrogenous bases are near the center of the DNA molecule.

• The nitrogenous bases form the backbone on the outside of each DNA strand.

Why is DNA important?

• it is very small and very complicated
• it's in everything
• it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
• because we eat it every day for energy

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What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?

• the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
• the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
• the color of the nitrogen bases
• the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases

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What is a gene?

• A bundle (like a hot dog bun) that the DNA is packed into
• something inside the nucleus
• a piece of DNA
• all of your DNA

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Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?

• double helix
• contains ribose
• made of amino acids
• contains uracil

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DNA codes for...

• cholesterol
• proteins
• fatty acids
• a sandwich

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