Applied Nutrition and Science Quiz

What macronutrient is the primary energy source in this food?

• Protein

• Fat

• Carbohydrates

• Water

A person who has a diet high in trans fats is most at risk for:

• Improved muscle growth

• Heart disease from clogged arteries

• Increased bone strength

• Vitamin A deficiency

A runner drinks a sports drink containing water, glucose, and electrolytes after a race. Which BEST explains how these nutrients help recovery?

• Water restores temperature balance; glucose replenishes quick energy.

• Glucose calms anxiety; electrolytes build muscle instantly.

• Water blocks digestion; electrolytes increase fat storage.

• Glucose provides protein; water is stored as glycogen.

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body?

• Sodium, chlorine, calcium, potassium

• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

• Helium, neon, oxygen, hydrogen

• Iron, zinc, copper, magnesium

Water is known as the 'universal solvent' because:

• It can dissolve all substances equally.

• It forms strong ionic bonds with all elements.

• It can dissolve many substances, especially polar molecules.

• It only dissolves oils and fats.

In the human body, water helps transport nutrients because:

• It acts as a solid at body temperature.

• It is a non-reactive gas that circulates nutrients.

• It dissolves substances and moves them through blood and cells.

• It completely blocks chemical reactions.

Which best describes water’s role in hydrolysis reactions?

• Water is removed to build larger molecules.

• Water is added to break down larger molecules.

• Water turns into steam to release energy.

• Water changes into oxygen and hydrogen gas.

Which process uses water to join two monomers into a polymer?

• Condensation (dehydration synthesis)

• Hydrolysis

• Oxidation

• Denaturation

Sweating helps regulate body temperature because water:

• Stores energy when frozen

• Absorbs heat before evaporating from skin

• Releases heat quickly and cools blood

• Is a solid at high temperatures

A student claims: 'Water is not a nutrient because it does not provide energy.' What is the BEST response?

• Correct—only energy-providing substances are nutrients

• Incorrect—water is essential for chemical reactions and homeostasis

• Correct—water is only needed in hot weather

• Incorrect—water gives more energy than carbohydrates