SSP 04 MIDTERM QUIZ

According to the module, the early study of motivation can be traced back to the works of:

• Maslow

• Freud

• Atkinson

• Reynolds

Freud used the term "instincts" to describe persistent pressures that operate similarly to:

• Cognitions

• Drives or motivations

• Incentives

• Consilience

In Freud's view, actions on both conscious and unconscious levels were motivated by:

• Incentives

• Impulses

• Cognitive dissonance

• External rewards

Maslow (1946) defined the most basic form of motivation as the human drive to:

• Achieve self-actualization

• Satisfy the body’s need for survival

• Feel competent and self-determining

• Exploit opportunities for gain

The "necessity entrepreneur," as identified in GEM studies, is primarily motivated by:

• Achieving high levels of growth

• Exploiting a market opportunity

• Avoiding failure and ensuring survival

• Gaining external recognition

In contrast, the "opportunistic entrepreneur" is focused on:

• Reducing internal tension

• Achieving success by exploiting an opportunity

• Satisfying basic survival needs

• Avoiding cognitive dissonance

Drive theories of motivation suggest that behavior is activated by:

• External goals and incentives

• An internal stimulus that creates tension

• The need for relatedness and autonomy

• Cognitive dissonance reduction

According to drive theories, the primary motivation for an individual is to:

• Achieve a distant goal

• Seek pleasure and reinforcement

• Reduce the tension caused by an internal stimulus

• Fulfill the need for competence

Incentive theories of motivation emphasize the power of:

• Internal drives

• Push factors

• External goals that pull a person

• Unconscious mental activity

The module states that in drive theories, ______ factors dominate, while in incentive theories, ______ factors dominate.

• Pull; push

• Internal; external

• Push; pull

• Psychological; economic