PULL Factors: Social, Economic, and Initial Support

Which aspect of town life attracted rural workers by promising an end to isolation and more leisure opportunities?

• Longer working hours and solitary living

• Varied social life with shorter factory hours and more holidays

• Greater reliance on farm servants

• Strict dress codes for agricultural laborers

In 1896, which new leisure development in Edinburgh appealed to rural workers?

• The first public library

• The first cinema in Scotland

• A new football stadium

• A municipal park system

Why did many farm workers move to urban areas, according to the material on wages?

• Urban areas offered free housing

• Industrial jobs like coalmining paid better than farm work

• Farm work became illegal during industrialization

• Cities had fewer taxes

What wage change might a former agricultural labourer experience after moving to industrial work?

• A 10% decrease

• No change

• A 50% increase

• A doubling every year

Which transport development connected the far north of Scotland to the industrial Lowlands and made migration easier?

• A canal network completed in 1800

• The Far North Line railway completed in 1874

• The first paved highway in 1850

• An international airport

How did letters from emigrants influence relatives back home?

• They discouraged migration by highlighting dangers

• They provided accounts of new experiences, encouragement, and sometimes money for travel

• They demanded repayment of debts before migration

• They offered free housing in cities

Which organization helped make emigration affordable between 1852 and 1857 by assisting more than 4,900 people to move to Australia?

• Scottish Industrial Workers Union

• Highland and Islands Emigration Society

• Edinburgh Urban Development Council

• Royal Society of Railway Porters

Which policy offered new emigrants 160 acres of land free of charge if they lived and worked there?

• Empire Settlement Act 1922

• Dominion Lands Act 1872

• Homestead Act 1862

• Navigation Acts 1651

What challenge in Scotland made emigration attractive for land ownership?

• Urban overcrowding due to industrialization

• Clearances and farm enclosures limiting productive land

• High taxation on imported goods

• Mandatory military service

In 1892, how did the Canadian government actively encourage Scots to emigrate?

• By offering free university education in Canada

• By appointing agents in Scotland to tour markets and fairs

• By granting immediate citizenship upon arrival

• By building new ports in the Highlands