Composition describes the __________.

proportion of chemicals that make up a rock

degree of compaction and cementation in a rock

arrangement of minerals in a rock

Which statement best explains how a metamorphic rock forms?

recrystallization due to changes in pressure and temperature

freezing (solidification) from a molten material

solidification of pieces of weathered, preexisting rocks

fast (instant) cooling of a molten material

In which setting are sedimentary rocks most likely forming due to accumulation of sediments?

at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea

To determine crystal identity and orientation in the thin section image labeled 500 µm, what should a geologist do?

examine the sample under polarized light

subject the sample to a fracture test

place the sample in a magnetic field

What can geologists most easily determine by analyzing a thin section of a rock?

what minerals constitute the rock and how grains connect to one another

what chemical constituents make up the rock

Why is a piece of concrete not considered a rock? Choose the best explanation.

It is a human-made material composed of cement and aggregates, not a naturally occurring solid aggregate.

It contains minerals so it must be a rock.

It lacks any crystalline components.

Which statement correctly identifies the three major rock groups and how each forms?

Igneous from crystallized melt; sedimentary from deposited and lithified sediments; metamorphic from alteration of existing rock by heat and pressure.

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic; all form by cooling of magma.

Igneous from deposition of sand; sedimentary from heat and pressure; metamorphic from melting and cooling.

Sedimentary, clastic, foliated; each forms by recrystallization.

Igneous rocks are formed primarily by which process?

through the freezing or crystallization of a melt

by changing existing rock through the application of heat and pressure

by depositing loose material into layers

by condensation from vapors enriched in mineral-forming components

What is the difference between magma and lava?

magma is melt underground, whereas lava is melt that has emerged from the surface

magma cools more rapidly than lava

magma is found at the surface, whereas lava is found below the surface

There is no difference; the two terms mean the same thing.

What is the difference between a mineral and a glass?

Minerals are crystalline; glass is noncrystalline.

Minerals are synthetic; glass is always natural.

Minerals must be metallic; glass must be nonmetallic.

Minerals are liquids; glass is solid.

Which choice lists atoms and atomic components in order from smallest to largest?

electron, proton, nucleus, atom

atom, nucleus, proton, electron

proton, electron, nucleus, atom

atom, electron, nucleus, proton

Minerals are all naturally occurring solid substances with a definable chemical composition. They must also possess __________.

a fixed crystalline structure (periodic arrangement of atoms and ions)

the ability to be synthesized in the laboratory as well as be found in nature

metallic elements, such as iron, calcium, or magnesium

In which of the following ways can minerals crystallize?

solidification of a melt (lava/magma)

bonding carbon to oxygen atoms to form organic compounds

gradual liquefaction through superheating

instant solidification to form glass

The pattern of atoms in a crystal can be detected using __________.

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS)

cathodized axial tomography (CAT)

Hardness refers to a mineral’s ability to resist __________.

chemically reacting with other substances

Using the Mohs hardness scale diagram showing minerals from talc (1) to diamond (10), which statement is correct?

Your fingernail can scratch a sample of talc.

Quartz and apatite are about equally hard.

Diamonds are more than seven times as hard as quartz.

A steel knife can scratch quartz.

Minerals/Rocks Test Review

Authored by Simone Huey

Science

12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 2+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Rocks and sediment are part of which component of the Earth System?

geosphere

hydrosphere

biosphere

atmosphere

Continental lithosphere __________.

is thicker than oceanic lithosphere

contains more mafic rocks than oceanic lithosphere

is denser than oceanic lithosphere

and oceanic lithosphere have similar compositions, densities, and thicknesses

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Fewer than 50 minerals are __________.

found on the Earth

used for industrial purposes

found in the crust

commonly found in rocks

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Why are minerals often referred to as the building blocks of Earth?

They determine Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

They are the basic constituents that make up rocks.

They form only in the atmosphere.

They form only from biological processes.

Which of the following would be considered a rock?

a manufactured clay brick

a pile of sand

a chunk of obsidian

an abalone shell

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How would you tell if a rock is crystalline?

It contains crystals that have been cemented together.

It does not contain crystals at all.

It contains interlocking crystals.

It contains all one type of crystal.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the difference between a rock that is cemented together and a rock that has a crystalline texture?

A rock that is cemented contains rounded grains held by cement, whereas a crystalline rock contains angular grains held by cement.

Crystalline rocks contain minerals, while cemented rocks contain rock fragments, both held together by static forces between grains.

Minerals are held together as interlocking pieces in a crystalline rock, whereas grains are held together by minerals precipitated in pore spaces in a cemented rock.

Minerals are held together as interlocking pieces in a crystalline rock, whereas in a cemented rock the grains do not fit together like puzzle pieces and instead are held together by cement.

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Minerals/Rocks Test Review

Rocks and sediment are part of which component of the Earth System?

Continental lithosphere __________.

Fewer than 50 minerals are __________.

Why are minerals often referred to as the building blocks of Earth?

Which of the following would be considered a rock?

How would you tell if a rock is crystalline?

What is the difference between a rock that is cemented together and a rock that has a crystalline texture?

Imagine you are holding a rock composed of sand grains cemented together. What subclassification of rock is this?

What type of rock forms from the freezing (solidification) of a molten rock?

Which type of rock is formed by precipitation of minerals from a solution?

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