Learning & Memory Exam #2 Review

Which memory system stores very brief sensations of what you have just perceived?

• long-term memory

• sensory memory

• phonological loop

• visuo-spatial sketchpad

George Sperling's (1960) experiments on visual sensory memory, with auditory cues to indicate what row of letters subjects had to recall from memory, demonstrated that:

• briefly presented information cannot be recalled.

• we have a very brief visual memory that decays rapidly

• people could not learn to associate a tone with a visual stimulus

• iconic memory lasts for a very long time.

In Atkinson and Shiffrin's model of memory, information flows

• from short-term memory, to sensory memory, to long-term memory.

• from sensory memory, to long-term memory, to short-term memory

• from sensory memory, to short-term memory, to long-term memory

• from long-term memory, to sensory memory, to short-term memory

What does the word-length effect (you can remember fewer longer words than you can remember shorter words) demonstrate about working memory?

• The phonological loop holds verbal information for only a short time

• The phonological loop can only store short words

• The visuo-spatial sketchpad is used when long words are remembered.

• The central executive is required for storing long words

In Baddeley's working memory model, which system maintains the visual working-memory buffers?

• the phonological loop

• the iconic memory

• the visuo-spatial sketchpad.

• the central executive

Which of the following is a task used to study task-switching in working memory?

• the Tower of Hanoi

• the Wisconsin Card Sort Test

• the Stroop task

• an N-back task

Which task is used to study the controlled updating of working memory?

• the Tower of Hanoi

• the Wisconsin Card Sort Test

• an N-back task

• the Stroop task

Which task is used to study stimulus selection and response inhibition in working memory?

• the Tower of Hanoi

• the Stroop task

• an N-back task

• ) the Wisconsin Card Sort Test

Suppose you are performing a 4-back task where the target is the number 3. What number

 would you have to report if you are presented with the sequence 2 8 5 4 7 9 1 6 3?

• 4

• 3

• 5

• 7

Which part of the prefrontal cortex is important in working memory functions?

• orbital prefrontal cortex

• medial prefrontal cortex

• lateral prefrontal cortex

• posterior prefrontal cortex