Based on the diagram, why are electrons placed in shells around the nucleus?

To organize them by energy levels

To balance the mass of the atom

To keep them away from neutrons

Based on the diagram, which statement best describes the arrangement of particles in a simple atom?

Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit in shells.

Electrons are grouped inside the nucleus with protons and neutrons.

Neutrons and electrons are found in the outer shell, while protons stay in the nucleus.

All particles are evenly spread throughout the atom.

How do neutrons differ from protons in terms of electric charge?

Neutrons have no charge, protons are positively charged

Neutrons are positively charged, protons are neutral

Neutrons are negatively charged, protons are positively charged

Neutrons and protons both have no charge

How does the location of electrons in an atom explain their role in chemical reactions?

They move in shells around the nucleus, allowing atoms to form bonds

They are in the nucleus, so they determine the atom’s mass

They stay fixed between protons and neutrons, keeping the atom stable

They are randomly scattered, so they do not affect bonding

Refer to the statement below: "Pure substances, such as elements and compounds, have fixed chemical compositions. Elements are made up of atoms that all share a unique number of protons, which defines their identity. Understanding these properties is essential in scientific fields like chemistry, materials science, and engineering, where the behavior and interaction of substances are critical to innovation and problem-solving." Which of the following best describes a pure substance?

It has definite and uniform composition throughout.

It is a mixture of different elements.

It is a mixture containing both solids and liquids.

Its composition changes from one sample to another.

Refer to the statement below: "Pure substances, such as elements and compounds, have fixed chemical compositions. Elements are made up of atoms that all share a unique number of protons, which defines their identity. Understanding these properties is essential in scientific fields like chemistry, materials science, and engineering, where the behavior and interaction of substances are critical to innovation and problem-solving." Why is the number of protons important in identifying an element?

It uniquely identifies the element

It determines the element’s melting point

It defines the element’s atomic mass

It affects the element’s color

Refer to the statement below: "Pure substances, such as elements and compounds, have fixed chemical compositions. Elements are made up of atoms that all share a unique number of protons, which defines their identity. Understanding these properties is essential in scientific fields like chemistry, materials science, and engineering, where the behavior and interaction of substances are critical to innovation and problem-solving." Which statement correctly explains the difference between an element and a compound?

Elements consist of one type of atom, compounds consist of two or more types.

Elements are made of different atoms, compounds are made of identical atoms.

Elements have fixed compositions, compounds do not.

Compounds are mixtures, elements are pure substances.

Refer to the statement below: "Pure substances, such as elements and compounds, have fixed chemical compositions. Elements are made up of atoms that all share a unique number of protons, which defines their identity. Understanding these properties is essential in scientific fields like chemistry, materials science, and engineering, where the behavior and interaction of substances are critical to innovation and problem-solving." A chemist is analyzing a substance and finds that all its atoms have 8 protons. What can the chemist conclude?

It is an element with identical atoms.

It is a compound made of different elements.

It is a mixture containing various types of atoms.

It is unstable because it contains too many protons.

Refer to the statement below: "Pure substances, such as elements and compounds, have fixed chemical compositions. Elements are made up of atoms that all share a unique number of protons, which defines their identity. Understanding these properties is essential in scientific fields like chemistry, materials science, and engineering, where the behavior and interaction of substances are critical to innovation and problem-solving." A student claims that water is a pure substance because it always contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Is this claim scientifically accurate?

Yes, because water has a definite chemical composition.

No, because water is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases.

No, because water’s composition changes when heated.

Yes, because water is made of elements that are physically combined.

Why was Mendeleev’s arrangement of elements in the periodic table considered revolutionary compared to earlier attempts?

It allowed the prediction of existence and properties of undiscovered elements.

It grouped elements according to their physical and chemical properties, such as melting points.

It organized elements by atomic number rather than by atomic mass.

It included all known compounds and organized them by their composition.

How did the work of Henry Moseley improve upon Mendeleev’s periodic table?

He arranged elements by atomic number, correcting earlier inconsistencies.

He grouped elements according to their physical appearance, such as color.

He refined the table by emphasizing atomic mass in element arrangement.

He modified the table by excluding all nonmetallic elements from it.

Which scientist’s contribution had the greatest long-term impact on predicting chemical behavior of elements, and why?

Dmitri Mendeleev, for organizing elements by their properties and predicting undiscovered ones.

Antoine Lavoisier, for classifying known elements into groups such as metals and nonmetals.

John Newlands, for arranging elements by atomic mass and proposing the Law of Octaves.

Henry Moseley, for improving the periodic table by arranging elements by atomic number.

Refer to the statement below: "When students go grocery shopping with their families, they often encounter products labeled with chemical names like Sodium Chloride (NaCl) on table salt, which combines Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl)—two of the first 20 elements in the periodic table. They might also see Calcium (Ca) in milk, which helps strengthen bones, or notice Helium (He) in balloons at the party section, used because it's lighter than air." Which element is represented by the symbol "Na" found in table salt?

It is lighter than air and non-flammable.

It is heavier than air but safe to use.

It is flammable and easy to obtain.

It reacts with oxygen to form water.

Refer to the statement below: "When students go grocery shopping with their families, they often encounter products labeled with chemical names like Sodium Chloride (NaCl) on table salt, which combines Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl)—two of the first 20 elements in the periodic table. They might also see Calcium (Ca) in milk, which helps strengthen bones, or notice Helium (He) in balloons at the party section, used because it's lighter than air." Which element is represented by the symbol "Na" found in table salt?

Calcium – found in cement and milk

Chlorine – used to strengthen bones

What do elements in the same group have in common?

Same number of valence electrons

Why are elements arranged in groups in the periodic table?

To show similar reactivity and valence electrons.

To show their increasing atomic masses.

To separate metals from nonmetals.

To organize the elements according to their color.

Which statement best explains why elements in Group 1 are more reactive than those in Group 2?

Group 1 elements lose their single valence electron more easily.

Group 1 elements contain more protons in their nuclei.

Group 2 elements exist mainly as unreactive gases.

Group 1 elements have greater atomic masses than Group 2 elements.

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

They have the same number of valence electrons.

They share the same number of protons.

They have the same atomic mass.

They exhibit similar metallic or nonmetallic nature.

What does the period number of an element indicate?

The number of valence electrons

A student claims that oxygen (O) and sulfur (S) have similar chemical properties. How would you evaluate this claim?

Agree, since both belong to the same group and share similar electron configurations

Disagree, since their atomic numbers and positions in the periodic table are not identical

Agree, since both elements occur as gases under certain conditions

Disagree, since sulfur is classified differently in terms of metallic character

Which of the following correctly describes the atomic structure of aluminum (Al)?

13 protons, 14 neutrons, 13 electrons

14 protons, 13 neutrons, 13 electrons

13 protons, 13 neutrons, 14 electrons

27 protons, 13 neutrons, 13 electrons

Refer to the statement below: "Imagine you're helping your family cook dinner. You use table salt, which is made of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). Sodium belongs to Group 1 in the periodic table, and chlorine belongs to Group 17. Sodium, like other elements in Group 1 such as potassium and lithium, has one valence electron, making it highly reactive. That’s why it easily bonds with chlorine, which has seven valence electrons, to form a stable compound—salt." Which group does sodium (Na) belong to in the periodic table?

Because sodium has one valence electron, and chlorine needs one to fill its shell

Because both elements achieve stable configurations through electron transfer

Because they have the same charges that attract strongly, forming an ionic compound

Because they belong to the same group that readily form compounds with each other

Refer to the statement below: "Imagine you're helping your family cook dinner. You use table salt, which is made of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). Sodium belongs to Group 1 in the periodic table, and chlorine belongs to Group 17. Sodium, like other elements in Group 1 such as potassium and lithium, has one valence electron, making it highly reactive. That’s why it easily bonds with chlorine, which has seven valence electrons, to form a stable compound—salt." Which group does sodium (Na) belong to in the periodic table?

Yes, because each element has the same number of valence electrons

No, because each element has a different atomic mass and size

Yes, because all of them exist in the gaseous state at room temperature

No, because they are positioned in different periods of the periodic table

Refer to the statement below: "Imagine you're helping your family cook dinner. You use table salt, which is made of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). Sodium belongs to Group 1 in the periodic table, and chlorine belongs to Group 17. Sodium, like other elements in Group 1 such as potassium and lithium, has one valence electron, making it highly reactive. That’s why it easily bonds with chlorine, which has seven valence electrons, to form a stable compound—salt." Which statement best explains the chemical similarity between sodium and potassium?

Both belong to Group 1 and possess a single valence electron

Both contain the same number of neutrons in their atoms

Both are classified as metals with low reactivity

Both occupy the same horizontal row in the periodic table

SECOND QUARTERLY EXAMINATION IN SCIENCE 8 S.Y. 2025 – 2026

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50 Qs

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SECOND QUARTERLY EXAMINATION IN SCIENCE 8 S.Y. 2025 – 2026

Quiz

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2nd Grade

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Practice Problem

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Hard

MARY GRACE LINAZA

Used 3+ times

FREE Resource

Thomson → Rutherford → Dalton → Bohr

Rutherford → Bohr → Thomson → Dalton

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

According to the diagram, which particles are found inside the nucleus?

Electrons only

Protons and neutrons

Neutrons and electrons

Protons and electrons

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which subatomic particle is shown orbiting around the nucleus in the diagram?

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Nucleon

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SECOND QUARTERLY EXAMINATION IN SCIENCE 8 S.Y. 2025 – 2026

50 questions

After Democritus’ early idea of indivisible particles, who first developed a scientific atomic theory based on experimental evidence?

Which scientist discovered the electron using a cathode ray tube experiment?

How did Rutherford’s gold foil experiment change the atomic model?

Why was Bohr’s model of the atom considered an improvement over Rutherford’s model?

Which sequence correctly represents the historical development of the atomic model?

According to the diagram, which particles are found inside the nucleus?

Which subatomic particle is shown orbiting around the nucleus in the diagram?

Based on the diagram, why are electrons placed in shells around the nucleus?

What does the presence of two electron shells in the diagram suggest about the atom?

Based on the diagram, which statement best describes the arrangement of particles in a simple atom?

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