Unit 3: Ecology & Biodiversity

A population would be able to bounce back more easily (have more resilience) after an environmental stressor if it has:

• high genetic diversity

• low genetic diversity

• a small population size

• limited food sources

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Fill in the blank: ______ is the variety of life on earth.

• Biodiversity

• Photosynthesis

• Ecosystem

• Evaporation

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The term 'Adaptation' refers to:

• A process by which an organism becomes better suited to its environment.

• A sudden change in the genetic material of an organism.

• The movement of organisms from one place to another.

• A decrease in the population of a species.

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The term 'Resilience' refers to:

• The ability to recover quickly from difficulties

• The tendency to avoid challenges

• The act of giving up easily

• The preference for routine and stability

During environmental stress or disturbance, having which level of genetic diversity is more beneficial for a population, and why?

• High genetic diversity, because it increases the chances of survival and adaptation (e.g., disease resistance in crops).

• Low genetic diversity, because it makes populations more uniform and stable.

• High genetic diversity, because it leads to more competition within the population.

• Low genetic diversity, because it reduces the risk of mutations.

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What is the Bottleneck Effect?

• The Bottleneck Effect is a drastic and sudden reduction in the size of a population that leads to a change in the gene pool.

• The Bottleneck Effect is the process by which new species are formed through gradual evolution.

• The Bottleneck Effect is the increase in genetic diversity due to migration of individuals into a population.

• The Bottleneck Effect is the adaptation of organisms to their environment through natural selection.

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What could cause bottlenecks?

• Habitat fragmentation, overexploitation by humans, natural disasters such as flood, fires, earthquakes, disease, drought, etc.

• Increased genetic diversity, stable population growth, abundant food supply, favorable climate conditions.

• Continuous migration, introduction of new species, high birth rates, low predation.

• Balanced ecosystem, regular rainfall, minimal human interference, optimal temperature.

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Species will either survive the drastic population reduction and recover or go extinct.

• True

• False

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What is species diversity?

• Species diversity is the number of species in a region or habitat (in a community or ecosystem).

• Species diversity is the number of individuals in a population.

• Species diversity is the variety of genes within a species.

• Species diversity is the amount of biomass in an ecosystem.

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The species diversity of a region is considered a critical environmental indicator because:

• it reflects the health and stability of ecosystems.

• it determines the amount of rainfall in the region.

• it increases the temperature of the environment.

• it reduces the need for conservation efforts.

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