Define Bicameralism.

• A legislative body that has two separate chambers or houses, such as the U.S. Congress, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

• A system where the executive and legislative branches are merged into one body.

• A government structure with only one legislative chamber.

• A process of direct democracy where citizens vote on laws themselves.

Define Enumerated powers.

• Enumerated powers are the specific powers granted to Congress by the U.S. Constitution.

• Enumerated powers are the rights reserved for the states only.

• Enumerated powers are the powers given to the President exclusively.

• Enumerated powers are the implied powers not written in the Constitution.

Define Implied powers.

• Implied powers are powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are necessary to carry out the enumerated powers.

• Implied powers are the rights given to citizens by the Bill of Rights.

• Implied powers are the powers reserved only for the states.

• Implied powers are the powers that can only be exercised during wartime.

What is the main purpose of Federalist 51?

• To explain how the structure of government provides checks and balances to protect against tyranny.

• To outline the process for amending the Constitution.

• To describe the powers of the executive branch.

• To discuss the importance of a standing army.

According to Federalist 51, why is it important to separate the powers of government?

• To prevent any one branch from gaining too much power and to protect individual liberty.

• To make government decisions faster and more efficient.

• To ensure that the President has complete control over the government.

• To allow states to override federal laws.

Which principle is emphasized in Federalist 51 to help control the power of government?

• Popular sovereignty

• Checks and balances

• Judicial review

• Direct democracy

Which principle did the Supreme Court establish in Baker v. Carr (1962)?

• Judicial review

• Federal supremacy

• One person, one vote

• Separation of powers

What was the outcome of the Baker v. Carr (1962) decision?

• The Court limited the power of Congress to regulate elections.

• The Court ruled that federal courts have the authority to review redistricting cases.

• The Court upheld the existing apportionment in Tennessee.

• The Court declared the Voting Rights Act unconstitutional.

What was the main constitutional issue addressed in Shaw v. Reno (1994)?

• Whether the Supreme Court can review state court decisions.

• Whether the President can veto state laws.

• Whether Congress can regulate interstate commerce.

• Whether racial gerrymandering violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following best describes the Supreme Court's ruling in Shaw v. Reno (1994)?

• The Court required states to create majority-minority districts.

• The Court ruled that redistricting based solely on race is unconstitutional.

• The Court declared all forms of gerrymandering unconstitutional.

• The Court upheld the use of race as the sole factor in redistricting.