Psychopathology Ch. 5

Fear is best described as:

• A future-oriented mood state

• A present-oriented emotional state

• A long-term stress reaction

• A learned response to trauma

The physiological system most associated with fear is:

• The parasympathetic nervous system

• The sympathetic nervous system

• The immune system

• The lymphatic system

Anxiety differs from fear because anxiety:

• Involves apprehension about future events

• Involves a fight-or-flight response

• Is always maladaptive

• Involves no physiological arousal

According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law:

• Moderate levels of anxiety improve performance

• The less anxiety, the better performance

• The more anxiety, the better performance

• Anxiety has no relation to performance

A panic attack is characterized by:

• Sudden intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms

• Gradual onset of worry

• Flashbacks of trauma

• Persistent sadness

Expected (cued) panic attacks occur:

• In predictable situations associated with a trigger

• Randomly without cues

• Only during sleep

• Only in social contexts

DSM-5 Panic Disorder requires recurrent:

• Unexpected panic attacks

• Nightmares

• Flashbacks

• Phobias

Agoraphobia literally means fear of:

• Heights

• Closed spaces

• Marketplaces or open spaces

• Contamination

Interoceptive avoidance refers to avoiding:

• Specific objects

• Social situations

• Internal physical sensations associated with panic

• Traumatic memories

Nocturnal panic attacks most often occur during:

• A. REM sleep

• B. Deep (stage 3) sleep

• C. Dreaming

• D. Light sleep