Unit 4 Test REVIEW 2 of 2 (Environmental Studies)

How would you summarize the difference between weather and climate?

• Weather is long-term patterns; climate is short-term conditions
• Weather is day-to-day atmospheric conditions; climate is long-term average patterns
• Weather only includes temperature; climate includes all atmospheric conditions
• Weather and climate are the same thing measured differently

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

What is an example of mechanical weathering caused by biotic factors?

• Acid rain dissolving limestone
• Rust forming on iron-rich rocks
• Plant roots breaking apart rocks
• Salt crystallization in rock pores

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

How would you test the hypothesis that acid rain increases the rate of chemical weathering?

• Observe rocks in nature without any testing
• Expose rock samples to acidic solutions and measure breakdown compared to neutral water controls
• Ask people their opinions about acid rain
• Only study rocks that have never been exposed to rain

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Analyze the interconnections between all four Earth systems (atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere) in the context of the water cycle. Which statement best describes these connections?

• The four systems operate independently with no interactions
• Water evaporates (hydrosphere), forms clouds (atmosphere), precipitates onto land (geosphere), is absorbed by plants/animals (biosphere); disruptions cascade through all systems
• Only the hydrosphere is involved in the water cycle
• Human activities cannot affect these system interconnections

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Explain why tectonic plates move approximately 1 cm per year.

• Ocean currents push them slowly
• Convection currents in the mantle drive plate movement
• Earthquakes gradually shift plates
• Gravitational pull from the moon causes movement

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

What is the main idea behind the rock cycle?

• Rocks are continuously formed, changed, and recycled through geological processes
• Rocks only change once and then remain stable
• All rocks eventually become sedimentary rocks
• Rocks cycle through the atmosphere before returning to Earth

How would you classify the three types of tectonic plate boundaries?

• Large, medium, and small boundaries
• Convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries
• Active, inactive, and dormant boundaries
• Continental, oceanic, and atmospheric boundaries

What is the cause of the rain shadow effect?

• Mountains block moisture-carrying winds, causing dry conditions on the leeward side
• Oceans evaporate water that falls only on coastal areas
• Pollution blocks sunlight and prevents rain
• Cold air masses push rain clouds away from certain regions

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

How do organisms contribute to soil formation?

• Organisms have no role in soil formation
• Organisms break down rock, add organic matter, and mix soil layers
• Only plants contribute to soil formation
• Organisms only remove nutrients from soil

What evidence supports the theory that Earth's continents were once connected as Pangaea?

• Similar fossils, rock formations, and matching coastlines across continents
• Ancient maps showing all continents together
• Identical weather patterns on all continents today
• Matching population distributions across continents

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3