urinary quiz NCLEX style 2

A nurse is teaching a patient about the urinary system. In which order will the nurse present the structures, following the flow of urine?

• Kidney, urethra, bladder, ureters
• Kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra
• Bladder, kidney, ureters, urethra
• Bladder, kidney, urethra, ureters

Answer explanation

The flow of urine follows these structures in order: kidney → ureters → bladder → urethra.

A nurse is reviewing urinary laboratory results. Which finding will cause the nurse to follow up?

• Protein level of 2 mg/100 mL
• Urine output of 80 mL/hr
• Specific gravity of 1.036
• pH of 6.4

Answer explanation

The normal range for urine specific gravity is 1.005–1.030. A reading of 1.036 is elevated, suggesting dehydration or reduced renal blood flow.

A patient is experiencing oliguria. Which action should the nurse perform first?

• Assess for bladder distention
• Request an order for diuretics
• Increase IV fluid rate
• Encourage the patient to drink caffeinated beverages

Answer explanation

First assess for bladder distention to determine cause, before interventions like diuretics or fluids.

A patient requests the nurse’s help to the bedside commode and becomes frustrated when unable to void in front of the nurse. How should the nurse interpret the patient’s inability to void?

• Patient can be anxious, making it difficult to relax
• Patient does not recognize the physiological signals
• Patient is lonely and calling for attention
• Patient is not drinking enough fluids

Answer explanation

Anxiety can prevent the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles from relaxing enough to void.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

A patient is scheduled for lower abdominal surgery. How can anesthetic agents impact urinary elimination?

• Promote excessive urine incontinence
• Cause uncontrollable voiding
• Decrease bladder contractility, causing retention
• Interrupt procedure by asking to go to the bathroom

Answer explanation

Anesthetics can reduce bladder contractility and impair the sensation of bladder fullness, leading to retention.

The nurse discovers the patient has dysuria. Which assessment finding is consistent with dysuria?

• Blood in urine
• Burning upon urination
• Immediate strong desire to void
• Awakes from sleep due to urge

Answer explanation

Dysuria is defined as painful or burning urination.

An 86-year-old patient has uncontrollable leakage of urine with a strong urge to void and leaks on the way to the toilet. Which nursing diagnosis is priority?

• Functional urinary incontinence
• Urge urinary incontinence
• Impaired skin integrity
• Urinary retention

Answer explanation

Urge incontinence is characterized by a strong need to void and leakage, requiring priority management.

A patient falls several times at night due to nocturia. Which nursing recommendation is most appropriate?

• Limit fluid and caffeine intake before bed
• Leave the bathroom light on
• Practice Kegel exercises
• Clear the path to the bathroom

Answer explanation

Limiting fluids and caffeine before bedtime reduces nocturia and associated fall risk.

A male patient is experiencing urinary retention. Which action should the nurse take first?

• Limit fluid intake
• Insert a urinary catheter
• Assist to standing position
• Ask for diuretic medication

Answer explanation

Positioning the patient to stand may facilitate urination before catheterization is considered.

A patient reports acute discomfort when attempting to void. Which assessment question is most appropriate first?

• “Does your urinary problem interfere with activities?”
• “Do you lose urine when you cough or sneeze?”
• “When was the last time you voided?”
• “Are you experiencing fever or chills?”

Answer explanation

Knowing the last void helps determine if the bladder is distended, which is the priority assessment.