While the bald eagle is one national symbol of the United States, it is not the only one. Uncle Sam, a bearded gentleman costumed in the red, white, and blue stars and stripes of the nation’s flag, is another well-known national symbol. According to legend, this character is based on Samuel Wilson, the owner of a meat-packing business in Troy, New York. During the War of 1812, Sam Wilson’s company was granted a government contract to supply meat to the nation’s soldiers; this meat was supplied to the army in barrels stamped with the initials U.S., which stood for United States. However, the country was at that time relatively young, and the initials U.S. were not commonly used. Many people questioned what the initials represented, and the standard reply became “Uncle Sam,” for the owner of the barrels. It is now generally accepted that the figure of Uncle Sam is based on Samuel Wilson, and the U.S. Congress has made it official by adopting a resolution naming Samuel Wilson as the inspiration for Uncle Sam. The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses

the bald eagle, which symbolizes the United States

Sam Wilson’s meat-packing company

While the bald eagle is one national symbol of the United States, it is not the only one. Uncle Sam, a bearded gentleman costumed in the red, white, and blue stars and stripes of the nation’s flag, is another well-known national symbol. According to legend, this character is based on Samuel Wilson, the owner of a meat-packing business in Troy, New York. During the War of 1812, Sam Wilson’s company was granted a government contract to supply meat to the nation’s soldiers; this meat was supplied to the army in barrels stamped with the initials U.S., which stood for United States. However, the country was at that time relatively young, and the initials U.S. were not commonly used. Many people questioned what the initials represented, and the standard reply became “Uncle Sam,” for the owner of the barrels. It is now generally accepted that the figure of Uncle Sam is based on Samuel Wilson, and the U.S. Congress has made it official by adopting a resolution naming Samuel Wilson as the inspiration for Uncle Sam. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage?

Uncle Sam—Symbol of the Nation

The Symbols of the United States

While the bald eagle is one national symbol of the United States, it is not the only one. Uncle Sam, a bearded gentleman costumed in the red, white, and blue stars and stripes of the nation’s flag, is another well-known national symbol. According to legend, this character is based on Samuel Wilson, the owner of a meat-packing business in Troy, New York. During the War of 1812, Sam Wilson’s company was granted a government contract to supply meat to the nation’s soldiers; this meat was supplied to the army in barrels stamped with the initials U.S., which stood for United States. However, the country was at that time relatively young, and the initials U.S. were not commonly used. Many people questioned what the initials represented, and the standard reply became “Uncle Sam,” for the owner of the barrels. It is now generally accepted that the figure of Uncle Sam is based on Samuel Wilson, and the U.S. Congress has made it official by adopting a resolution naming Samuel Wilson as the inspiration for Uncle Sam. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Uncle Sam’s appearance?

There is some blue in his clothing.

His clothes have stripes in them.

While the bald eagle is one national symbol of the United States, it is not the only one. Uncle Sam, a bearded gentleman costumed in the red, white, and blue stars and stripes of the nation’s flag, is another well-known national symbol. According to legend, this character is based on Samuel Wilson, the owner of a meat-packing business in Troy, New York. During the War of 1812, Sam Wilson’s company was granted a government contract to supply meat to the nation’s soldiers; this meat was supplied to the army in barrels stamped with the initials U.S., which stood for United States. However, the country was at that time relatively young, and the initials U.S. were not commonly used. Many people questioned what the initials represented, and the standard reply became “Uncle Sam,” for the owner of the barrels. It is now generally accepted that the figure of Uncle Sam is based on Samuel Wilson, and the U.S. Congress has made it official by adopting a resolution naming Samuel Wilson as the inspiration for Uncle Sam. In 1812, people most probably answered that the letters “U.S” written on the barrels stood for “Uncle Sam” because

They were not exactly sure what the letter meant

Samuel Wilson was their favorite uncle

Most people think of deserts as dry, flat areas with little vegetation and little or no rainfall, but this is hardly true. Many deserts have varied geographical formations ranging from soft, rolling hills to stark, jagged cliffs, and most deserts have a permanent source of water. Although deserts do not receive a high amount of rainfall—to be classified as a desert, an area must get less than twenty-five centimeters of rainfall per year—there are many plants that thrive on only small amounts of water, and desert are often full of such plants life. Desert plants have a variety of mechanisms for obtaining the water needed for survival. Some plants, such as the cactus, are able to store large amounts of water in their leaves or stems; after a rainfall these plants absorb a large supply of water to last until the next rainfall. Other plants, such as the mesquite, have extraordinarily deep root systems that allow them to obtain water from far below the desert’s arid surface. What is the main topic of the passage?

Deserts are not really flat areas with little plant life.

Deserts are dry, flat areas with few plants.

There is little rainfall in the desert.

Many kinds of vegetation can survive with little water.

Most people think of deserts as dry, flat areas with little vegetation and little or no rainfall, but this is hardly true. Many deserts have varied geographical formations ranging from soft, rolling hills to stark, jagged cliffs, and most deserts have a permanent source of water. Although deserts do not receive a high amount of rainfall—to be classified as a desert, an area must get less than twenty-five centimeters of rainfall per year—there are many plants that thrive on only small amounts of water, and desert are often full of such plants life. Desert plants have a variety of mechanisms for obtaining the water needed for survival. Some plants, such as the cactus, are able to store large amounts of water in their leaves or stems; after a rainfall these plants absorb a large supply of water to last until the next rainfall. Other plants, such as the mesquite, have extraordinarily deep root systems that allow them to obtain water from far below the desert’s arid surface. The passage implies that

the typical conception of a desert is incorrect.

desert people are well informed about deserts.

the lack of rainfall in deserts causes them to be flat.

Most people think of deserts as dry, flat areas with little vegetation and little or no rainfall, but this is hardly true. Many deserts have varied geographical formations ranging from soft, rolling hills to stark, jagged cliffs, and most deserts have a permanent source of water. Although deserts do not receive a high amount of rainfall—to be classified as a desert, an area must get less than twenty-five centimeters of rainfall per year—there are many plants that thrive on only small amounts of water, and desert are often full of such plants life. Desert plants have a variety of mechanisms for obtaining the water needed for survival. Some plants, such as the cactus, are able to store large amounts of water in their leaves or stems; after a rainfall these plants absorb a large supply of water to last until the next rainfall. Other plants, such as the mesquite, have extraordinarily deep root systems that allow them to obtain water from far below the desert’s arid surface. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about the cactus?

They survive in the desert because they store water.

They retain water from one rainfall to the next.

They grow near deep below the surface of the desert.

Most people think of deserts as dry, flat areas with little vegetation and little or no rainfall, but this is hardly true. Many deserts have varied geographical formations ranging from soft, rolling hills to stark, jagged cliffs, and most deserts have a permanent source of water. Although deserts do not receive a high amount of rainfall—to be classified as a desert, an area must get less than twenty-five centimeters of rainfall per year—there are many plants that thrive on only small amounts of water, and desert are often full of such plants life. Desert plants have a variety of mechanisms for obtaining the water needed for survival. Some plants, such as the cactus, are able to store large amounts of water in their leaves or stems; after a rainfall these plants absorb a large supply of water to last until the next rainfall. Other plants, such as the mesquite, have extraordinarily deep root systems that allow them to obtain water from far below the desert’s arid surface. “Mesquite” in line 9 is probably

a geographical formation in the desert

American jazz is a conglomeration of sounds borrowed from such varied sources as American and African folk music, European classical music, and Christian gospel songs. One of the more recognizable characteristics of jazz is its use of improvisation: certain parts of the music are written and played the same way by various performers, other improvised parts are created spontaneously during a performance and vary widely from performer to performer. The earliest forms of jazz was ragtime, lively songs or rags performed on the piano, and the best-known ragtime performer and composer was Scott Joplin. Born in 1868 to former slaves, Scott Joplin earned his living from a very early age playing the piano in bars along the Mississippi. One of his regular jobs was in the Maple Leaf Rag in Sedalia, Missouri. It was there that he began writing more than 500 compositions that he was to produce, the most famous of which was The Maple Leaf Rag This passage is about

jazz in general and one specific type of jazz

the major characteristics of jazz

American jazz is a conglomeration of sounds borrowed from such varied sources as American and African folk music, European classical music, and Christian gospel songs. One of the more recognizable characteristics of jazz is its use of improvisation: certain parts of the music are written and played the same way by various performers, other improvised parts are created spontaneously during a performance and vary widely from performer to performer. The earliest forms of jazz was ragtime, lively songs or rags performed on the piano, and the best-known ragtime performer and composer was Scott Joplin. Born in 1868 to former slaves, Scott Joplin earned his living from a very early age playing the piano in bars along the Mississippi. One of his regular jobs was in the Maple Leaf Rag in Sedalia, Missouri. It was there that he began writing more than 500 compositions that he was to produce, the most famous of which was The Maple Leaf Rag In line 3, the word “improvisation” involves which of the following?

Playing written parts of the music

Performing similarly to other musicians

Playing a wide selection of musical compositions

American jazz is a conglomeration of sounds borrowed from such varied sources as American and African folk music, European classical music, and Christian gospel songs. One of the more recognizable characteristics of jazz is its use of improvisation: certain parts of the music are written and played the same way by various performers, other improvised parts are created spontaneously during a performance and vary widely from performer to performer. The earliest forms of jazz was ragtime, lively songs or rags performed on the piano, and the best-known ragtime performer and composer was Scott Joplin. Born in 1868 to former slaves, Scott Joplin earned his living from a very early age playing the piano in bars along the Mississippi. One of his regular jobs was in the Maple Leaf Rag in Sedalia, Missouri. It was there that he began writing more than 500 compositions that he was to produce, the most famous of which was The Maple Leaf Rag According to the passage, ragtime was

generally performed on a variety of instruments

performed only in sedate settings

performed only at the Maple Leaf Club in Sedalia

American jazz is a conglomeration of sounds borrowed from such varied sources as American and African folk music, European classical music, and Christian gospel songs. One of the more recognizable characteristics of jazz is its use of improvisation: certain parts of the music are written and played the same way by various performers, other improvised parts are created spontaneously during a performance and vary widely from performer to performer. The earliest forms of jazz was ragtime, lively songs or rags performed on the piano, and the best-known ragtime performer and composer was Scott Joplin. Born in 1868 to former slaves, Scott Joplin earned his living from a very early age playing the piano in bars along the Mississippi. One of his regular jobs was in the Maple Leaf Rag in Sedalia, Missouri. It was there that he began writing more than 500 compositions that he was to produce, the most famous of which was The Maple Leaf Rag Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

Scott Joplin’s parents had been slaves before Scott was born.

Scott Joplin was a slave when he was born.

Scott Joplin had never been a slave, nor had his parents.

Scott Joplin was born after 1888.

American jazz is a conglomeration of sounds borrowed from such varied sources as American and African folk music, European classical music, and Christian gospel songs. One of the more recognizable characteristics of jazz is its use of improvisation: certain parts of the music are written and played the same way by various performers, other improvised parts are created spontaneously during a performance and vary widely from performer to performer. The earliest forms of jazz was ragtime, lively songs or rags performed on the piano, and the best-known ragtime performer and composer was Scott Joplin. Born in 1868 to former slaves, Scott Joplin earned his living from a very early age playing the piano in bars along the Mississippi. One of his regular jobs was in the Maple Leaf Rag in Sedalia, Missouri. It was there that he began writing more than 500 compositions that he was to produce, the most famous of which was The Maple Leaf Rag The name of Scott Joplin’s most famous composition probably came from

the name of a saloon where he performed

the maple tree near his Sedalia home

the name of the town where he was born

the school where he learned to play the piano

American jazz is a conglomeration of sounds borrowed from such varied sources as American and African folk music, European classical music, and Christian gospel songs. One of the more recognizable characteristics of jazz is its use of improvisation: certain parts of the music are written and played the same way by various performers, other improvised parts are created spontaneously during a performance and vary widely from performer to performer. The earliest forms of jazz was ragtime, lively songs or rags performed on the piano, and the best-known ragtime performer and composer was Scott Joplin. Born in 1868 to former slaves, Scott Joplin earned his living from a very early age playing the piano in bars along the Mississippi. One of his regular jobs was in the Maple Leaf Rag in Sedalia, Missouri. It was there that he began writing more than 500 compositions that he was to produce, the most famous of which was The Maple Leaf Rag The paragraph following the passage probably discusses

the numerous compositions of Scott Joplin

The idea of determinism, that no event occurs in nature without natural causes, has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds. Scientific laws assume that a specific set of conditions will unerringly lead to a predetermined outcome. However, studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that the location and speed of minuscule particles such as electrons are the result of random behaviors rather than predictable results determined by pre-existing conditions. As a result of these studies, the principle of indeterminacy was formulated in 1925 by Werner Heisenberg. According to this principle, only the probable behavior of an electron can be predicted. The inability to absolutely predict the behavior of electrons casts doubt on the universal applicability of a natural law of determinism. Philosophical, the principal opposition to determinism emanates from those who see human as creatures in possession of free will. Human decisions may be influenced by previous events, but the ultimate freedom of humanity may possibly lead to unforeseen choices, those not preordained by predictable laws. It is implied in the passage that a natural law is

can be incorrectly found in the idea of determinism

something that applies to science only

is philosophically unacceptable

is applied in science which is no longer valid

The idea of determinism, that no event occurs in nature without natural causes, has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds. Scientific laws assume that a specific set of conditions will unerringly lead to a predetermined outcome. However, studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that the location and speed of minuscule particles such as electrons are the result of random behaviors rather than predictable results determined by pre-existing conditions. As a result of these studies, the principle of indeterminacy was formulated in 1925 by Werner Heisenberg. According to this principle, only the probable behavior of an electron can be predicted. The inability to absolutely predict the behavior of electrons casts doubt on the universal applicability of a natural law of determinism. Philosophical, the principal opposition to determinism emanates from those who see human as creatures in possession of free will. Human decisions may be influenced by previous events, but the ultimate freedom of humanity may possibly lead to unforeseen choices, those not preordained by predictable laws. The idea of determinism is refuted in this passage based on

data from the science and philosophy

principles or assumptions from different fields of study

philosophical doubt about free will

The idea of determinism, that no event occurs in nature without natural causes, has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds. Scientific laws assume that a specific set of conditions will unerringly lead to a predetermined outcome. However, studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that the location and speed of minuscule particles such as electrons are the result of random behaviors rather than predictable results determined by pre-existing conditions. As a result of these studies, the principle of indeterminacy was formulated in 1925 by Werner Heisenberg. According to this principle, only the probable behavior of an electron can be predicted. The inability to absolutely predict the behavior of electrons casts doubt on the universal applicability of a natural law of determinism. Philosophical, the principal opposition to determinism emanates from those who see human as creatures in possession of free will. Human decisions may be influenced by previous events, but the ultimate freedom of humanity may possibly lead to unforeseen choices, those not preordained by predictable laws. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the principle of indeterminacy?

It is philosophically unacceptable.

It was formulated based on studies in physics.

It has been in existence for more than one decade.

It is concerned with the random behavior of electrons.

The idea of determinism, that no event occurs in nature without natural causes, has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds. Scientific laws assume that a specific set of conditions will unerringly lead to a predetermined outcome. However, studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that the location and speed of minuscule particles such as electrons are the result of random behaviors rather than predictable results determined by pre-existing conditions. As a result of these studies, the principle of indeterminacy was formulated in 1925 by Werner Heisenberg. According to this principle, only the probable behavior of an electron can be predicted. The inability to absolutely predict the behavior of electrons casts doubt on the universal applicability of a natural law of determinism. Philosophical, the principal opposition to determinism emanates from those who see human as creatures in possession of free will. Human decisions may be influenced by previous events, but the ultimate freedom of humanity may possibly lead to unforeseen choices, those not preordained by predictable laws. It is implied in the passage that free will is

a direct outcome of Werner’s principle of indeterminacy

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 2 pts

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves in front of the Sun and hides at least some part of the Sun from the
earth. In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers part of the Sun; in an annular eclipse, the Moon covers the center of the
Sun, leaving a bright ring of light around the Moon; in a total eclipse, the Sun is completely covered by the Moon.
It seems rather improbable that a celestial body the size of the Moon could completely block out the tremendously
immense Sun, as happens during a total eclipse, but this is exactly what happens. Although the Moon is
considerably smaller in size than the Sun, the Moon is able to cover the Sun because of their relative distances
from Earth. A total eclipse can last up to 7 minutes, during which time the Moon’s shadow moves across Earth at a
rate of about 0.6 kilometers per second.
This passage mainly

describes how long an eclipse will last

gives facts about the Moon

explains how the Sun is able to be obscured by the Moon

informs the reader about solar eclipses

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 2 pts

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves in front of the Sun and hides at least some part of the Sun from the
earth. In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers part of the Sun; in an annular eclipse, the Moon covers the center of the
Sun, leaving a bright ring of light around the Moon; in a total eclipse, the Sun is completely covered by the Moon.
It seems rather improbable that a celestial body the size of the Moon could completely block out the tremendously
immense Sun, as happens during a total eclipse, but this is exactly what happens. Although the Moon is
considerably smaller in size than the Sun, the Moon is able to cover the Sun because of their relative distances
from Earth. A total eclipse can last up to 7 minutes, during which time the Moon’s shadow moves across Earth at a
rate of about 0.6 kilometers per second.
In which type of eclipse is the Sun obscured in its entirety?

A partial eclipse

An annular eclipse

A total eclipse

A celestial eclipse

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 2 pts

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves in front of the Sun and hides at least some part of the Sun from the
earth. In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers part of the Sun; in an annular eclipse, the Moon covers the center of the
Sun, leaving a bright ring of light around the Moon; in a total eclipse, the Sun is completely covered by the Moon.
It seems rather improbable that a celestial body the size of the Moon could completely block out the tremendously
immense Sun, as happens during a total eclipse, but this is exactly what happens. Although the Moon is
considerably smaller in size than the Sun, the Moon is able to cover the Sun because of their relative distances
from Earth. A total eclipse can last up to 7 minutes, during which time the Moon’s shadow moves across Earth at a
rate of about 0.6 kilometers per second.
The word “ring” could best be replaced by

piece of gold

circle

jewel

bell

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 2 pts

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves in front of the Sun and hides at least some part of the Sun from the
earth. In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers part of the Sun; in an annular eclipse, the Moon covers the center of the
Sun, leaving a bright ring of light around the Moon; in a total eclipse, the Sun is completely covered by the Moon.
It seems rather improbable that a celestial body the size of the Moon could completely block out the tremendously
immense Sun, as happens during a total eclipse, but this is exactly what happens. Although the Moon is
considerably smaller in size than the Sun, the Moon is able to cover the Sun because of their relative distances
from Earth. A total eclipse can last up to 7 minutes, during which time the Moon’s shadow moves across Earth at a
rate of about 0.6 kilometers per second.
A “celestial body” is most probably one that is found

within the Moon’s shadow

somewhere in the sky

on the surface of the Sun

inside Earth’s atmosphere

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 2 pts

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves in front of the Sun and hides at least some part of the Sun from the
earth. In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers part of the Sun; in an annular eclipse, the Moon covers the center of the
Sun, leaving a bright ring of light around the Moon; in a total eclipse, the Sun is completely covered by the Moon.
It seems rather improbable that a celestial body the size of the Moon could completely block out the tremendously
immense Sun, as happens during a total eclipse, but this is exactly what happens. Although the Moon is
considerably smaller in size than the Sun, the Moon is able to cover the Sun because of their relative distances
from Earth. A total eclipse can last up to 7 minutes, during which time the Moon’s shadow moves across Earth at a
rate of about 0.6 kilometers per second.
What is the meaning of “block out”?

Square

Cover

Evaporate

Shrink

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 2 pts

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves in front of the Sun and hides at least some part of the Sun from the
earth. In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers part of the Sun; in an annular eclipse, the Moon covers the center of the
Sun, leaving a bright ring of light around the Moon; in a total eclipse, the Sun is completely covered by the Moon.
It seems rather improbable that a celestial body the size of the Moon could completely block out the tremendously
immense Sun, as happens during a total eclipse, but this is exactly what happens. Although the Moon is
considerably smaller in size than the Sun, the Moon is able to cover the Sun because of their relative distances
from Earth. A total eclipse can last up to 7 minutes, during which time the Moon’s shadow moves across Earth at a
rate of about 0.6 kilometers per second.
According to the passage, how can the Moon hide the Sun during a total eclipse?

The fact that the Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun makes up for the Moon’s smaller size.

The Moon can only obscure the Sun because of the Moon’s great distance from the earth.

Because the Sun is relatively close to Earth, the Sun can be eclipsed by the Moon.

The Moon hides the Sun because of the Moon’s considerable size.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 2 pts

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves in front of the Sun and hides at least some part of the Sun from the
earth. In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers part of the Sun; in an annular eclipse, the Moon covers the center of the
Sun, leaving a bright ring of light around the Moon; in a total eclipse, the Sun is completely covered by the Moon.
It seems rather improbable that a celestial body the size of the Moon could completely block out the tremendously
immense Sun, as happens during a total eclipse, but this is exactly what happens. Although the Moon is
considerably smaller in size than the Sun, the Moon is able to cover the Sun because of their relative distances
from Earth. A total eclipse can last up to 7 minutes, during which time the Moon’s shadow moves across Earth at a
rate of about 0.6 kilometers per second.
The word “relative” could best be replaced by

familial

infinite

comparative

paternal

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