Principles of Biology Chapter 27 Questions

According to Lamarck, which variable would have the greatest influence on the evolution of an organism?

• the environment

• the genetics of the individual

• Both the environment and genetics are equally responsible for the evolution of an organism.

• Neither the environment nor the genetics of an organism play a role in its evolution.

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Lamarck's proposal of the inheritance of acquired characteristics included the idea that

• the continual stretching of giraffe's necks to reach leaves led to longer necks in offspring.

• local catastrophes cause mass extinctions of species.

• species are fixed and unchanging over time.

• organisms are acted on by the environment.

When he arrived at the Galápagos Islands, Darwin did not observe the amazing tool-using "woodpecker finch" that can modify twigs to pry out grubs. Because there are no true woodpeckers on the Galápagos Islands, this behavior allows this finch to exploit an untapped food source. However, not all members of this species exhibit this behavior, which is probably learned from watching other finches. Therefore, which of the following is NOT true?

• Young isolated at hatching will not know how to do this.

• It is probably not "hardwired" in the brain as a behavior passed on genetically.

• There must be a great advantage to reaching this food source for this learned behavior to be repeated by most descendants each generation.

• This "learned" behavior will not lead to evolutionary change in the woodpecker population.

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4. Darwin observed which piece of evidence during his 5-year journey aboard the HMS Beagle?

• The diversity of finches on the Galápagos Islands

• The discovery of DNA structure

• The invention of the microscope

• The mapping of ocean currents

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What evidence would NOT be studied by a biogeographer?

• continental drift or the movement of tectonic plates over time

• ocean currents and wind patterns

• ranges of animals and ability to migrate

• the genetic makeup of organisms that evolved in separate but similar conditions

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Which evidence for evolution uses impressions of plants and animals pressed into sedimentary rock?

• fossil record

• biogeography

• comparative embryology

• comparative biochemistry

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Anatomical features that are fully developed and functional in one group of organisms but reduced and functionless in a similar group are termed

• vestigial.

• homologous.

• analogous.

• sympatric.

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8. Which of these conditions is NOT among the requirements of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

• No mutation

• Random mating

• Small population size

• No migration

If the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is met, what is the net effect?

• evolution leading to a population better adapted to an unchanging environment

• evolution leading to a population better adapted to a changing environment

• very slow and continuous evolution with no increased adaptation

• no evolution because the alleles in the population remain the same

Which statement is NOT true about the founder effect?

• It is a form of genetic drift.

• It produces a high frequency of some rare alleles in a small isolated population.

• Founding members contain a tiny fraction of the alleles found in the original population.

• The founder effect occurs when a population is subjected to near extinction and then recovers, so that only a few alleles are left in survivors.