Newton's Laws of Motion

Objects change their motion only when acted on by an external force; otherwise, they remain at rest or in uniform motion.

For every action on an object, the object accelerates in the same direction as the applied force.

The force on an object equals its mass divided by its acceleration.

An object’s acceleration is zero only when it has no mass.

Force equals mass plus acceleration.

Force equals mass times acceleration.

Force equals acceleration divided by mass.

Force equals mass minus acceleration.

First Law (Inertia)

Second Law (Force and Acceleration)

Third Law (Action and Reaction)

Law of Universal Gravitation

Forces in a system act one at a time and never simultaneously.

Multiple forces such as gravity and tension can act at the same time within an interacting system.

Only external forces can exist in a system; internal forces cancel out completely.

Systems cannot include everyday objects like trees and apples.

It doubles because acceleration is proportional to force.

It is cut in half because acceleration is inversely related to mass for a fixed force.

It stays the same because mass does not affect acceleration.

It becomes zero because larger mass stops motion.

The car speeds up because the driver presses the pedal harder.

The car and driver move with uniform motion unless a force acts on them.

The car immediately turns due to friction with the floor.

The driver accelerates forward because the seat belt pulls them.

Elastic force from the car’s bumper

Magnetic attraction between cars

Inertia of the drivers’ bodies

Air resistance inside the arena

The car’s sideways acceleration depends on the applied force from the collision and the car’s mass.

The car’s sideways acceleration is fixed by the driver’s steering wheel position.

The car’s sideways acceleration depends only on how tight the seat belt is.

The car’s sideways acceleration is the same for all cars regardless of mass.

Both cars experience equal forces acting in opposite directions during the collision.

Only the heavier car experiences a force because it has greater mass.

Each car experiences a force in the same direction as its motion only.

The seat belt creates an unbalanced force only on the car, not the driver.

Lift

Drag

Thrust

Weight