Marx and YC

What social class were early skinheads most closely associated with?

• Working class

• Upper class

• Middle class

• Aristocracy

Which of the following best describes the attitudes, symbols, and styles of early skinheads?

• Aggressively working class

• Peaceful and artistic

• Wealthy and sophisticated

• Academic and intellectual

Who argued that punk was a form of resistance to capitalism and aimed to shock mainstream society?

• Hall and Jefferson

• Cohen and Clarke

• Hebdidge

• Marx

Which group did Brake (1977) suggest was mostly made up of middle class students who lived on benefits or student grants?

• Hippies

• Punks

• Mods

• Rockers

According to Brake (1977), what did hippies spend a lot of money on despite claiming to be anti-capitalist?

• Travel, audio equipment, and street drugs

• Books, food, and clothing

• Cars, houses, and jewelry

• Sports equipment, computers, and furniture

What is the main reason most modern writers of youth culture are known as Neo-Marxists?

• They reject all forms of Marxism.

• They use Marxism as a starting point for their investigations.

• They focus only on economic issues.

• They ignore social classes.

Explain how Neo-Marxists' approach to social classes differs from traditional Marxism, based on the information provided.

• Neo-Marxists ignore social classes completely.

• Neo-Marxists believe all social classes have the same experiences.

• Neo-Marxists suggest that people from different social classes view the world differently and respond to social pressures in individual ways.

• Neo-Marxists focus only on economic factors.

Who first used semiology when investigating subcultures in the East End of London?

• Cohen (1972)

• Marx (1848)

• Durkheim (1912)

• Weber (1905)

Who claimed in 1984 that youth cultures provided a magical solution to the lives of its followers?

• Brake

• Marx

• Weber

• Durkheim

According to the concept discussed, what does youth culture enable young people to believe?

• That they have power to be different from previous generations

• That they are always powerless

• That they must follow traditions

• That they should avoid change