Modules 9–11: Vitamins, Minerals, Supplements

What is the general function of vitamins and minerals compared to macronutrients?

• Provide calories for energy

• Act as coenzymes and cofactors in metabolic reactions

• Build muscle tissue directly

• Serve as structural components of cell membranes

Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble?

• Vitamin C

• Vitamin B12

• Vitamin D

• Folate

Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?

• Vitamin A

• Vitamin K

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin C

What is a primary function of Vitamin A?

• Collagen synthesis

• Vision and immune function

• Blood clotting

• Nerve impulse transmission

Preformed Vitamin A is found in:

• Orange fruits and vegetables

• Animal sources such as liver and dairy

• Whole grains

• Legumes

A deficiency of Vitamin A can lead to:

• Night blindness

• Osteoporosis

• Anemia

• Rickets

Toxicity from Vitamin A is most likely from:

• Beta-carotene in carrots

• Supplements or liver overconsumption

• Fruit juices

• Dairy products

What is the main function of Vitamin D?

• Acts as an antioxidant

• Regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption

• Synthesizes DNA

• Helps blood clot

Which population may have increased Vitamin D needs?

• Infants

• Older adults

• Teenagers

• Smokers

Deficiency in Vitamin D can lead to:

• Night blindness

• Rickets and osteomalacia

• Anemia

• Beriberi