Joints, Growth and Repair, Fractures

Match the following

• Fibrous joint

• Middle movability; filled with cartilage

• Cartilaginous joint

• Most movable; filled with synovial fluid

• Synovial joint

• Least movable; filled with fibrous connective tissue

Match the following

• Synarthrosis

• Fibrous joints are also called

• Diarthrosis

• Cartilaginous joints are also called

• Amphiarthrosis

• Synovial joints are also called

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Synovial

,

(b) Fibrous

,

(c) Cartilaginous

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Match the following

• Osteocyte

• build new bone

• Osteogenic cell

• clean away old bone

• Osteoclast

• mature bone cells

• Osteoblast

• stem cells that divide to form osteoblasts

What is the formation of bone from cartilage?

• Endochondral ossification
• Osteogenic differentiation
• Cartilaginous transformation
• Intramembranous ossification

Reorder the following steps of ossification.

• Osteoclasts clean away some newly formed bone in the diaphysis, forming the medullary cavity

• Perichondrium forms around cartilage then turns to bone called periosteum

• Blood vessels enter the center of the diaphysis, forming the primary ossification center (where ossification of the diaphysis begins)

• Ossification of the epiphyses begins and only articular cartilage is left

• Cartilage model forms where bone will eventually be

Reorder the following steps of bone repair

• Hematoma (blood clot) forms

• Bone remodeling occurs to clean away excess bone callus and hollow out the medullary cavity

• Osteoblasts begin producing osteoid, replacing the soft callus with a bone (hard) callus

• Chondroblasts begin to produce a bulging cartilage matrix connecting the broken ends making a soft callus (temporary splint)

Match the following types of bone fractures

• Partial

• break doesn't go through the bone completely

• Closed

• bone does not break the skin; aka simple fracture

• Open

• break goes completely through the bone

• Complete

• bone goes through the skin and can been seen through the outside

Match the following types of bone fractures

• Displaced

• a break in which the two broken ends of the bone are still lined up and have not moved out of place

• Oblique

• a break that occurs at a diagonal angle across the bone

• Transverse

• breaks that occur in a straight line across the bone

• Non-displaced

• a break in which the two broken ends of the bone are NOT lined up and are moved out of place (need to be set)

Match the following types of bone fractures

• Impacted

• occurs in children; a partial fracture that cause the bone to bend

• Comminuted

• the same bone is broken in 2 places, causing a "floating" segment of bone between the two breaks

• Greenstick

• intense trauma causes the bone to be broken into at least 3 pieces with many fragments at the fracture site

• Segmental

• the broken ends of the bones are jammed together by the force of the injury