Joints, Growth and Repair, Fractures

Match the following

• Synovial joint

• Most movable; filled with synovial fluid

• Cartilaginous joint

• Least movable; filled with fibrous connective tissue

• Fibrous joint

• Middle movability; filled with cartilage

Match the following

• Amphiarthrosis

• Synovial joints are also called

• Synarthrosis

• Cartilaginous joints are also called

• Diarthrosis

• Fibrous joints are also called

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Synovial

,

(b) Fibrous

,

(c) Cartilaginous

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Match the following

• Osteoclast

• clean away old bone

• Osteocyte

• build new bone

• Osteoblast

• stem cells that divide to form osteoblasts

• Osteogenic cell

• mature bone cells

What is the formation of bone from cartilage?

• Endochondral ossification
• Osteogenic differentiation
• Cartilaginous transformation
• Intramembranous ossification

Reorder the following steps of ossification.

• Perichondrium forms around cartilage then turns to bone called periosteum

• Ossification of the epiphyses begins and only articular cartilage is left

• Osteoclasts clean away some newly formed bone in the diaphysis, forming the medullary cavity

• Cartilage model forms where bone will eventually be

• Blood vessels enter the center of the diaphysis, forming the primary ossification center (where ossification of the diaphysis begins)

Reorder the following steps of bone repair

• Chondroblasts begin to produce a bulging cartilage matrix connecting the broken ends making a soft callus (temporary splint)

• Hematoma (blood clot) forms

• Osteoblasts begin producing osteoid, replacing the soft callus with a bone (hard) callus

• Bone remodeling occurs to clean away excess bone callus and hollow out the medullary cavity

Match the following types of bone fractures

• Open

• bone does not break the skin; aka simple fracture

• Closed

• bone goes through the skin and can been seen through the outside

• Partial

• break goes completely through the bone

• Complete

• break doesn't go through the bone completely

Match the following types of bone fractures

• Oblique

• a break in which the two broken ends of the bone are still lined up and have not moved out of place

• Non-displaced

• a break in which the two broken ends of the bone are NOT lined up and are moved out of place (need to be set)

• Transverse

• a break that occurs at a diagonal angle across the bone

• Displaced

• breaks that occur in a straight line across the bone

Match the following types of bone fractures

• Impacted

• intense trauma causes the bone to be broken into at least 3 pieces with many fragments at the fracture site

• Segmental

• occurs in children; a partial fracture that cause the bone to bend

• Comminuted

• the same bone is broken in 2 places, causing a "floating" segment of bone between the two breaks

• Greenstick

• the broken ends of the bones are jammed together by the force of the injury