AP Human Geography Unit 3 - Culture Study Topics

A cultural hearth is a place where important cultural traits originate and spread. Which of the following are examples of things that originate and diffuse from cultural hearths?

• Language, religion, technology, and agricultural practices

• Only physical geography features like mountains and rivers

• Only government systems and laws

• Only climate and weather patterns

Monotheism refers to the belief in one God. Which of the following lists correctly names the three major monotheistic religions and their cultural hearths?

• Christianity, Islam, Judaism; cultural hearths: Middle East

• Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism; cultural hearths: South Asia

• Christianity, Buddhism, Judaism; cultural hearths: Europe and Asia

• Islam, Hinduism, Judaism; cultural hearths: Africa

The hearth of Hinduism & Buddhism is:

• East Asia

• South Asia

• Europe

• North America

A universalizing religion differs from an ethnic religion in that:

• Universalizing religions seek to appeal to people everywhere, while ethnic religions are concentrated among one group of people.

• Universalizing religions are only found in one country, while ethnic religions are global.

• Ethnic religions try to convert people worldwide, while universalizing religions do not.

• Universalizing religions are based on ethnicity, while ethnic religions are not.

The difference between acculturation and assimilation is:

• Acculturation involves adopting some cultural traits while assimilation involves fully integrating into another culture.

• Acculturation and assimilation both mean completely losing one's original culture.

• Assimilation is adopting some cultural traits, while acculturation is fully integrating into another culture.

• Acculturation and assimilation are exactly the same processes.

Syncretism refers to which of the following?

• The blending of different religious or cultural traditions, such as the fusion of Hellenistic and Egyptian beliefs.

• The strict separation of religious practices from cultural traditions.

• The rejection of all foreign influences in a culture.

• The exclusive worship of a single deity without outside influence.

Diffusion is defined as:

• The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

• The movement of particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

• The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

• The process by which energy is produced in cells.

Relocation diffusion refers to:

• The spread of an idea or innovation through physical movement of people from one place to another.

• The spread of ideas through direct contact between individuals in the same location.

• The adoption of an idea by a population through media and technology.

• The gradual change of an idea as it moves from one place to another.

Explain the three types of expansion diffusion and give examples.

• Hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus diffusion; e.g., fashion trends, diseases, and innovative ideas.

• Relocation, hierarchical, and reverse diffusion; e.g., migration, social media, and ancient languages.

• Contagious, reverse, and forced diffusion; e.g., viral videos, cultural backlash, and colonization.

• Stimulus, forced, and relocation diffusion; e.g., technology adoption, war, and population movement.

A pidgin language is primarily used for which purpose?

• To facilitate communication between speakers of different native languages

• To preserve ancient languages

• To create complex literary works

• To teach children their first language