Test 4

Which sits closer to the base of the heart

• left atrium

• right ventricle

What is the pacemaker of the heart and where is it located?

• The pacemaker of the heart is the atrioventricular (AV) node, located between the atria and ventricles.

• bundle of His, which controls the rhythm of the heartbeat.

• Sinoatrial node (SA) found in the right atrium

• the hypothalamus, which regulates many body rhythms including heart rate.

What is systole and diastole?

• Systole – The electrical resetting of the heart’s pacemaker, and diastole – the time when the heart stops completely between beats.

• Systole – The contraction of only the left atrium, and diastole – the contraction of only the right ventricle.

• Systole – The phase when the heart relaxes to fill with blood, and diastole – when the heart contracts to pump blood out.

• Systole is the myocardium contracting, causing a chamber to empty itself of blood. This is the working phase of the cardiac cycle when the cardiac muscle cells are dollarized.

  and

  Diastole is the myocardium relaxing and repolarizing after a contraction, allowing the chambers to fill with blood again. This is the resting phase of cardiac cycle.

The first heart sound, abbreviated S1 is commonly referred to as what sound?  It is produced when the ____ and ______ valves snap shut at the beginning of ventricular _____. 

• the aortic, pulmonary, and diastole

• Tricuspid, mitral, and systole

• the mitral, tricuspid, and systole.

• semilunar, bicuspid , and relaxation.

The second heart sound, abbreviated S2 and commonly referred to as what sound?  It is produced at the beginning of ventricular______, when the ______ and ______ valves snap shut. 

• relaxation, semilunar, and bicuspid

• diastole, mitral, and tricuspid

• systole, mitral, and tricuspid

• diastole, pulmonary, and aortic

What is valvular insufficiency and valvular stenosis? 

• Valvular insufficiency- a heart condition in which one or more of the cardiac valves do not close all the way. When this happens, a murmur is produced.

   

  Valvular stenosis- is a heart condition in which any one or more of the cardiac valves do not open all the way. Again, a murmur is produced by turbulent blood flow. In the case of vascular stenosis, the murmur is caused by blood flowing through a partially open valve and producing the same whooshing or swishing sound.

• Valvular insufficiency – when a heart valve is too tight and can’t open properly; valvular stenosis – when a valve leaks and allows blood to flow backward.

• Valvular insufficiency – when the heart produces extra sounds due to turbulent flow; valvular stenosis – when the valves vibrate excessively, creating murmurs.

• Valvular insufficiency – when the valves close too forcefully, causing high blood pressure; valvular stenosis – when the valves don’t close fast enough, slowing circulation.

Stroke volume (SV) is the measure of what?

• Stroke volume is the measure of how fast the heart beats per minute.

• Is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle during one contraction or systole. Another name for the stroke volume is systole discharge.

• Stroke volume measures how much blood the heart receives from the veins each second.

• Stroke volume is the total volume of blood in the body at any given time.

The cardiovascular is responsible for ___ blood throughout the body.

• taking away

• transporting

• pushing

• providing

The cardiovascular system consists of

• veins, capillaries, and arteries

• pulmonary, systematic, and arteries

• arteries, systemic, and heart

• heart, lungs, and trachea

The heart propels blood through two major circulatory loops:

• Arteries and veins

• Cranially and Caudally

• Pericardium and thoracic cavity

• Pulmonary: to the lungs

  and

  Systematic: to the heart