AP Human Geography — Diag 1–3 Prac Worksheet Extraction

Which of the following terms best describes the suburban area of Illinois where many residents commute to Chicago?

• Perceptual region

• Functional region

• Formal region

• Conformal region

• Equal area region

Answer explanation

The suburban area of Illinois where residents commute to Chicago is best described as a functional region, as it is defined by the interactions and connections between the suburbs and the city, particularly through commuting patterns.

Which of the following sets of maps would help explain how scale of inquiry affects truth?

• Maps showing the area of France before and after surveying

• Maps of Hudson Bay drawn by Native Americans and by the earliest European travelers

• Maps showing Michigan's population density by counties and the United States population density by state

• Maps showing the number of auto thefts per block in Seattle in the decades before and after the Depression

• Maps of gang graffiti in Philadelphia

Answer explanation

Maps showing Michigan's population density by counties and the United States population density by state illustrate how different scales of inquiry can reveal varying truths about demographics, highlighting the impact of scale on data interpretation.

In 1854, London physician Dr. John Snow mapped the spatial relationship between deaths from the waterborne disease cholera and the locations of water pumps that brought in water directly from tunnels connected to the River Thames. From Snow’s research it was determined that a public water pump had been contaminated by sewage. What geographic principle explains the significance of Snow’s research?

• As cities remove natural resources from the landscape, those resources become insignificant.

• Even in areas of urban land use, there is a significant relationship between nature and society.

• Once water enters an area of urban land use, that water is no longer considered a natural resource.

• The prosperity of a society is determined by environmental factors, such as the availability of natural resources.

• Societies leave a cultural imprint on the land, such as the pattern of streets and water systems.

Answer explanation

Snow's research highlights the significant relationship between urban environments and natural resources, demonstrating how contaminated water sources can impact public health, even in cities.

Which of the following best describes the spatial pattern of ethnicity in Singapore's neighborhoods?

• Malay is the largest ethnic group, ethnic Chinese live in the center of the city, and ethnic Indians live in the peripheral neighborhoods.

• The three major ethnic groups, Malay, Chinese, and Indian, are evenly distributed across the city.

• Ethnic Chinese residents are in the majority across most of the city, while ethnic Malay and ethnic Indian residents are concentrated in the peripheral neighborhoods.

• Ethnic Malay and ethnic Indians are evenly distributed throughout the city, while Chinese are only in the majority within the core central neighborhoods.

• Indian is the largest ethnic group, ethnic Chinese live in the center of the city, and ethnic Malay live in the peripheral neighborhoods.

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights that ethnic Chinese residents are the majority in most areas of Singapore, while ethnic Malay and Indian residents are primarily found in the peripheral neighborhoods, reflecting the city's ethnic distribution.

The maps show residential neighborhoods in the Republic of Singapore. Which of the following individuals or organizations would be most likely to make a decision based on the spatial pattern shown on the maps?

• A person planning to move from a more rural area to a more urban area within Singapore

• A business analyzing demographic change over time within its market area

• An environmental advocacy group seeking to protect habitats of vulnerable species

• A government agency seeking to promote equal opportunities across ethnicities

• A multinational corporation identifying a location for a new factory

Answer explanation

A government agency seeking to promote equal opportunities across ethnicities would analyze spatial patterns to ensure equitable distribution of resources and services among different ethnic groups in residential neighborhoods.

The data presented in the map shown depict

• latitude in a Robinson projection

• longitude in a Mercator projection

• population in a cartogram

• elevation topographic map

• taxation in a flow-line map

Answer explanation

The map illustrates population data using a cartogram, which distorts geographic areas to represent population size, making it the correct choice. Other options refer to different types of maps that do not match the description.

Which of the following explains an impact of open-border policies regarding migration within the European Union?

• Increased free trade within Europe based on elimination of tariffs, due to the need for economic cooperation between member states

• Greater cultural unity within Europe as it becomes a melting pot, due to the use of a common currency

• Growing political tensions as immigration increases, due to competition between immigrants and local people for available jobs

• Greater restrictions on travel within European Union countries, due to the need for internal security

• Less environmental pollution as a result of stricter regulations, due to member states agreeing on a common air-quality policy

Answer explanation

Growing political tensions arise as increased immigration leads to competition for jobs, creating friction between immigrants and local populations. This impact highlights the challenges of open-border policies in the EU.

A refugee enters the European Union in Italy and is temporarily housed in Germany. He is then granted asylum and is permanently settled in Sweden. Which of the following describes this type of migration that is facilitated by the European Union’s open border policies?

• Chain migration within the refugee’s family and social network

• Guest worker migration based upon the free movement of labor

• As an internally displaced person within a single state

• Step migration across member states to a final destination

• As a rural-to-urban migrant seeking employment opportunities

Answer explanation

The refugee's journey from Italy to Germany and finally to Sweden illustrates step migration, where individuals move through multiple locations before reaching their ultimate destination, facilitated by the EU's open border policies.

Immigration of asylum applicants from Africa to the European Union, Norway, and Switzerland increased from approximately 50,000 in 2010 to approximately 200,000 in 2016. In 2017, there were approximately 175,000 asylum applicants. Which of the following best explains the trend in asylum seekers from African countries to Europe since 2010?

• Improvement in the level of economic development in African countries led to an increase in the number of asylum seekers.

• A decrease in the number of armed conflicts in African countries meant a higher number of asylum seekers traveling to Europe.

• Political instability and conflict along with high fertility levels over the long term has led to an increase in asylum seekers.

• Low fertility rates and more stable political systems led to an overall decrease in asylum seekers as they found more economic opportunities at home.

• An influx of asylum seekers from the Middle East led to a decrease in the number of accepted asylum applications from Africa.

Answer explanation

Political instability and conflict in African countries, combined with high fertility rates, have driven many to seek asylum in Europe, explaining the significant increase in applicants from 2010 to 2016.

Which of the following processes best explains a decrease in mortality rates worldwide?

• Increased rates of female literacy

• Increased rates of urbanization

• Modern family planning methods

• Better hygiene and sanitation practices

• Greater female workforce participation

Answer explanation

Better hygiene and sanitation practices significantly reduce the spread of infectious diseases, leading to lower mortality rates. Improved access to clean water and sanitation facilities directly impacts public health outcomes.