Chapter 3. Unit 1: Agriculture and the Farming System

Agriculture includes which two main activities essential for human survival?

• Arable farming and pastoral farming

• Irrigation and mechanization

• Market gardening and monoculture

• Wet-rice cultivation and shifting cultivation

In the farming system described, which set correctly matches the three components with brief examples?

• Inputs (seeds, labor), Processes (plowing, irrigation), Outputs (crops, pollution)

• Inputs (crops, meat), Processes (harvesting only), Outputs (capital, land)

• Inputs (weather effects only), Processes (animal care only), Outputs (fertilizers and pesticides)

• Inputs (monoculture), Processes (market sale), Outputs (mechanization)

Which statement best defines Inputs in the farming system as presented?

• Resources required for farming, including seeds, labor, capital, fertilizers, land, and weather influences

• Actions taken on the farm, such as plowing, irrigation, harvesting, and animal care

• Final results of farming, including crops, meat, milk, waste, erosion, and pollution

• Technologies used to increase yield, like HYV seeds and mechanization

Which option correctly identifies Outputs in the farming system?

• Positive and negative results such as crops, meat, milk, waste products, soil erosion, and pollution

• Essential resources like land, seeds, labor, capital, and fertilizers

• Farm actions including plowing, irrigation, harvesting, and animal care

• Market prices and profit margins from commercial sales

Subsistence farming, as defined in the text, is primarily characterized by which features?

• Production mainly for the farmer’s household consumption

• Typically labor-intensive methods with simple, traditional tools

• High capital investment and advanced machinery

• Large surplus produced for export

Shifting cultivation (slash-and-burn) involves which sequence of practices?

• Clearing and burning forests, growing crops for a few years, moving to a new plot when soil is exhausted, allowing the old plot to lie fallow

• Continuous wet-rice cultivation on the same plot with abundant water and flat land

• Planting perennial cash crops in monoculture for export

• Mechanized cereal production with low output per unit area

Which consequence is explicitly linked to shifting cultivation in the material?

• Soil erosion and forest destruction

• Increased mechanization and higher worker productivity

• Improved urban transport for fresh produce

• Greater capital investment in machinery

Intensive subsistence farming is common in which types of regions and relies on what practice?

• Densely populated regions; wet-rice cultivation requiring abundant water and flat land

• Temperate grasslands; mechanized cultivation of cereals

• Tropical plantations; monoculture cash crops for export

• Urban fringes; high-value crops with fast transport

Commercial farming is distinguished from subsistence farming by which combination of features?

• Focus on selling products to achieve profit

• Use of modern methods and machinery

• Low capital investment and traditional tools

• Production aimed mainly at household consumption

Which description correctly matches Plantation Farming as presented?

• Large farms in tropical/subtropical regions focusing on a single cash crop (monoculture), often foreign-owned, producing for export

• Intensive cultivation of vegetables and flowers near urban centers relying on fast transport

• Large-scale mechanised cereal cultivation in temperate grasslands with low output per unit area

• Small plots using wet-rice cultivation with abundant water and flat land