Cell Division Review

The following question has two parts.  First, answer part A.  Then, answer part B.

Part A

A geneticist identifies cell types in four sexually reproducing organisms that display mutations.  The results are shown in the table.  A (+) symbol means a mutation was detected.  A (-) symbol means no mutations were detected.

Which organisms will pass the mutations to their offspring?

• L and M

• L and O

• N and M

• N and O

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Part B

Which statement describes evidence that supports your choice in part A?

• Offspring genotypes are determined by gametes.

• Offspring genotypes are determined by both somatic cells and gametes.

• Independent assortment of alleles in somatic cells causes mutated genes to be passed on to offspring.

• Mutations in somatic cells are highly inheritable because they transport nutrients throughout the organism.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Check whether each statement is describing mitosis or meiosis.

Groups:

(a) Mitosis

,

(b) Meiosis

• The process of division occurs twice.

• Results in 4 haploid cells.

• Results i cells with unique combinations of genetic material.

• Results in cells with 23 chromosomes.

• The type of cell division that produces body cells.

• Results in 2 diploid cells.

• Results in cells with identical genetic material.

• The type of cell division that produces gametes.

• Results in cells with 46 chromosomes.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Researchers performed an experiment to determine the effect of certain genetic mutations on mitosis in tropical fruit fly embryos. They determined the percentage of cells in each of four phases of mitosis as shown in Figure 1.

Which of the following patterns is shown by the data?

• Mutant 1 cells are more similar to mutant 3 cells than to wild-type cells.

• In wild-type cells, the percent of cells in anaphase is twice the amount of those in telophase.

• In mutant 3 cells, more time is spent in prophase/prometaphase than in the later stages of mitosis.

• The percent of mutant 2 cells in anaphase is higher than that of mutant 1 cells.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Are the following cell types haploid or diploid?

Groups:

(a) Haploid

,

(b) Diploid

• Skin cell

• Egg cell

• Somatic cells

• Sperm cell

• Liver cell

• Gametes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Meiosis is a special type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half. Four haploid cells known as sex cells are created during this process. Meiosis occurs in all sexually reproducing organisms including animals, plants, and fungi. Sex cells are produced for the purpose of creating new offspring. Not all organisms reproduce sexually, but those that do experience increased genetic diversity in their populations.
The parent cell in Figure 2 already contains double the amount of original genetic material. Which event must have occurred before the parent cell in Figure 2?

• Mitosis

• DNA replication

• germination

• cellular respiration

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A barley plant has 14 chromosomes in its diploid cells. At a particular stage in its life cycle, the barley plant produces anthers, which create haploid pollen cells.

How many chromosomes will be in barley's pollen cells?

• 28

• 14

• 7

• 4

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

A haploid cell ... (select all that apply)

• contains half the number of chromosomes that are in a somatic cell

• is a sex cell (egg or sperm)

• is formed by meiosis

• contains twice the number of chromosomes that are in a somatic cell

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The diagram depicts the process of crossing over, which occurs between homologous chromosomes during gamete formation. 
What is the result of this process?

• an increase in offspring variation

• the deletion of ammo acids in proteins

• an increase in mutations in genetic material

• the production of gametes that are genetically identical

  
  

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

The distribution of chromosomes in one type of cell division is shown in the picture to the left. Which process and type of resulting cells are represented in the diagram?

• Mitosis, which produces gametes

• Meiosis, which produces gametes

• Mitosis, which produces smoatic cells

• Meiosis, which produces somatic cells