Cell Differentiation

What does cell differentiation mean

• A cell breaks into two smaller cells.

• A cell becomes special by turning some of its genes on or off

• A cell loses all its DNA.

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What is the same in all cells, even after they become specialized?

• Their job (function).

• Their DNA (genetic code).

• Their active transcription factors.

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How can a skin cell and a muscle cell have the same DNA but do different jobs?

• The DNA changed into a new code for each cell.

• Each cell uses a different combination of genes (on or off) to do its job

• One cell threw away some of its DNA.

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What is special about a stem cell compared to a regular specialized cell?

• It has a specific job, like carrying oxygen.

• It can become almost any kind of cell

• It has a fixed structure that never changes.

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What is a main feature of a specialized cell?

• It has the ability to become any cell type.

• It has a specific shape and a specific job.

• It is only controlled by external factors.

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Which of these is an Internal factor (comes from inside the cell) that makes it differentiate?

• The food it eats (Nutrition).

• Transcription factors (special proteins that turn genes on).

• Outside toxins.

Which of these is an External factor (comes from outside the cell) that makes it differentiate?

• Hormones.

• Genetic instructions.

• Toxins, environment, diet and exercise

The 'Genetic instructions' are the blueprint. Where are these instructions located?

• Outside the cell, in the environment.

• Inside the cell (Internal factor).

• They are only created when the cell is stressed.

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Chemical (induction)' is a signal that tells a cell what to become.

Hint: If you are putting bad chemicals in your body and it affects you,Is this signal Internal or External?

• Internal factor.

• External factor

Which External factor involves the resources a cell needs to live and build itself?

• Genes

• Nutrition. (Diet)

• Hormones.