Heart Anatomy and Pericardium

Which layer of the heart wall is mainly responsible for pumping blood by contracting?

• Endocardium

• Myocardium

• Epicardium

• Pericardium

What is the main role of the fibrous pericardium surrounding the heart?

• Start the heart’s rhythm

• Prevent the heart from over-stretching

• Make the heart surfaces slippery

• Store extra blood for the heart

The serous pericardium has two layers. The visceral layer is also called the ______.

• Endocardium

• Myocardium

• Epicardium

• Fibrous pericardium

Which statement correctly matches the valve with what it prevents?

• Tricuspid valve prevents backflow from left ventricle to left atrium

• Pulmonic valve prevents backflow from pulmonary veins into the atrium

• Mitral valve prevents backflow from left ventricle to left atrium

• Aortic valve prevents backflow from pulmonary artery into ventricle

What do the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles do together during a heartbeat?

• Pull the AV valves open

• Keep the semilunar valves closed during diastole

• Stop AV valves from flipping backward during ventricular squeeze

• Create the first heart sound on their own

Where is the normal location of the heart’s apex that doctors listen to with a stethoscope?

• Second rib on the right

• Behind the sternum at the T4 level

• Left 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

• Under the tip of the sternum

A 25-year-old has air enter the pericardial sac after a wound. What condition is most likely to happen?

• Cardiac tamponade with trouble filling the ventricles

• Higher blood return and preload

• Stronger heart muscle squeezing

• More blood flow to the heart muscle

Why is the left ventricle’s muscle thicker than the right ventricle’s?

• It sends blood a shorter distance

• It pumps into a low-pressure system

• It must push against greater body-wide resistance

• It contains more pacemaker cells

Which heart valve has three semilunar cusps and no chordae tendineae?

• Mitral valve

• Aortic valve

• Tricuspid valve

• Pulmonic valve

The coronary sinus carries blood from where to which chamber?

• From left atrium to left ventricle

• From the heart muscle into the right atrium

• From pulmonary veins into the left atrium

• From aortic sinus into coronary arteries