Miller-Levine: 3.4 - Cycles of Matter

Which statement best distinguishes the movement of energy from the movement of matter in the biosphere?

• Both energy and matter move in one-way paths between trophic levels.

• Energy flows in a one-way path through the biosphere, while matter is recycled within and between ecosystems.

• Matter flows in a one-way path through the biosphere, while energy is recycled within and between ecosystems.

• Neither energy nor matter moves through ecosystems; they remain fixed in organisms.

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Fill in the blank: The closed loops that recycle elements through biological, geological, and chemical processes are called (a)   .

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which list correctly identifies the four elements that compose most living organisms?

• Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

• Oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen

• Carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus, calcium

• Nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, sodium

According to the material, what powers biogeochemical cycles in the biosphere?

• A steady influx of new matter from space

• The one-way flow of energy through the biosphere

• Continuous production of elements by organisms

• Random geological events unrelated to energy

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Match each process type to its role in cycles of matter.

• Include Earth-based events such as rock formation and erosion

• Biological processes

• Encompass reactions that change substances without creating or destroying matter

• Chemical processes

• Involve living organisms transforming and moving elements

• Geological processes

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Which statement about the origin of essential elements for organisms is supported by the text?

• Organisms manufacture all essential elements internally.

• Earth receives a significant, steady supply of new matter from space, providing needed elements.

• Essential elements cycle through the biosphere and are reused; they are not manufactured by organisms.

• Elements are used up once and permanently lost from ecosystems.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

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Fill in the blank: As matter moves through biogeochemical cycles, it is never created or destroyed—just (a)   .

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NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Which concept is emphasized by the 'Matter Mill' visual analogy (Figure 3–13)?

• Nutrients are produced once and then consumed permanently.

• Nutrients are recycled through biogeochemical cycles, powered by the one-way flow of energy.

• Energy is recycled through ecosystems in closed loops.

• New nutrients continuously arrive from space to power ecosystems.

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Which statement best explains why energy and matter behave differently in ecosystems?

• Energy is conserved and recycled like matter, so both move in closed loops.

• Energy dissipates as heat and flows one-way, whereas matter cycles through closed loops among organisms and ecosystem parts.

• Both energy and matter dissipate and cannot be reused.

• Matter enters ecosystems only from space, so it cannot be recycled.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Match each vocabulary term to its simplest description based on the page’s vocabulary list.

• Closed-loop recycling of elements via biological, geological, and chemical processes

• Denitrification

• Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms by organisms or processes

• Limiting nutrient

• Return of nitrogen to the atmosphere from compounds

• Biogeochemical cycle

• A nutrient whose scarcity restricts ecosystem productivity

• Nitrogen fixation

• A chemical substance organisms need to survive and grow

• Nutrient

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