AP BIO Unit 3 Test Corrections

Explain the concept of reaction specificity in regards to enzymes and their active sites and substrates.

• Enzymes can catalyze any reaction regardless of substrate shape.

• Reaction specificity means enzymes only bind to specific substrates at their active sites.

• Enzymes are not affected by substrate concentration.

• Reaction specificity refers to enzymes changing their shape to fit any substrate.

Explain the process of lactic acid fermentation step by step.

• Lactic acid fermentation converts glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

• Lactic acid fermentation occurs only in plants.

• Lactic acid fermentation converts glucose into lactic acid, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.

• Lactic acid fermentation produces water and oxygen.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Explain the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis step by step and describe why light is required.

• Light dependent reactions use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, which are needed for the Calvin cycle.

• Light dependent reactions occur in the mitochondria and produce glucose directly.

• Light dependent reactions do not require light and only produce oxygen.

• Light dependent reactions use carbon dioxide to produce ATP.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Describe how a drastic change in pH can affect the shape and activity of an enzyme.

• A drastic change in pH has no effect on enzyme shape or activity.

• A drastic change in pH can denature the enzyme, altering its shape and reducing its activity.

• A drastic change in pH increases enzyme activity indefinitely.

• A drastic change in pH only affects the substrate, not the enzyme.

Describe the importance of the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in photosynthesis.

• The proton gradient is important for the production of ATP during photosynthesis.

• The proton gradient is used to break down glucose.

• The proton gradient is only important in cellular respiration.

• The proton gradient prevents water loss in plants.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Explain how the disruption of the proton gradient would affect the production of ATP in cellular respiration.

• ATP production would increase

• ATP production would remain unchanged

• ATP production would decrease

• ATP production would stop only during photosynthesis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Describe the effect on an enzyme's activity when a substrate begins to run out.

• Enzyme activity increases

• Enzyme activity remains constant

• Enzyme activity decreases

• Enzyme activity becomes unpredictable

Identify two factors that can affect an enzyme's reactions.

• Temperature and pH

• Light and sound

• Pressure and gravity

• Color and shape

Which process is directly affected by the disruption of the proton gradient in cellular respiration?

• Glycolysis

• ATP synthesis

• DNA replication

• Protein synthesis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

What role does ATP synthase play in the process of cellular respiration?

• It uses the proton gradient to produce ATP from ADP and phosphate.

• It transports oxygen into the mitochondria.

• It breaks down glucose into pyruvate.

• It initiates glycolysis in the cytoplasm.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7