3.3a - Earthquakes and Volcanoes

What is an earthquake?

• Earthquakes are vibrations in the ground that result from movement along a fault.

• Earthquakes are heavy rainfalls that cause flooding.

• Earthquakes are strong winds that blow across deserts.

• Earthquakes are volcanic eruptions that release lava.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Where do most earthquakes occur?

• Most earthquakes occur where stress builds up along active plate boundaries.

• Most earthquakes occur in the middle of continents far from any boundaries.

• Most earthquakes occur only in deserts and dry regions.

• Most earthquakes occur at the North and South Poles.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

What is a fault?

• A fault is a break in Earth’s lithosphere where blocks of rock move in opposite directions.

• A fault is a type of volcanic eruption.

• A fault is a large body of water between continents.

• A fault is a layer of soil formed by decaying plants.

Define epicenter.

• the location on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s focus.

• the deepest point inside the Earth.

• the center of a mountain range.

• the highest point of a hill.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

Define focus

• waves that originate where rocks first move along the fault at a location inside Earth.

• the point on the surface where the earthquake is felt strongest.

• the area where volcanoes erupt.

• the place where rivers meet.

Define seismic waves

• energy that travels as vibrations on and in Earth.

• cracks in the Earth's crust.

• the movement of tectonic plates.

• sound waves produced by the oceans.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Scientists discovered that Earth’s outer core is liquid by:

• observing that S-waves do not pass through it

• measuring the temperature of the core directly

• drilling into the outer core

• analyzing the color of volcanic lava

A volcano is a geological feature. Which locations around the world have more volcanoes than others?

• Areas near tectonic plate boundaries have more volcanoes.

• Deserts have the most volcanoes.

• Volcanoes are most common in polar regions.

• Volcanoes are evenly distributed across all continents.

Magma and lava are different in which way?

• Magma is found beneath the Earth's surface, while lava is magma that has reached the surface.

• Magma and lava are both found only on the Earth's surface.

• Lava is found beneath the Earth's surface, while magma is found on the surface.

• Magma and lava are exactly the same with no differences.

A hot spot is a location where magma rises through the mantle to the Earth's surface. How do hot spots originate?

• They originate from plumes of hot mantle material rising from deep within the Earth.

• They are caused by the movement of tectonic plates at plate boundaries.

• They form due to the cooling and sinking of oceanic crust.

• They are created by the accumulation of sediments on the ocean floor.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-3

NGSS.HS-ESS2-1