Thinking, Memory, and Intelligence Review

Match each scenario with the correct cognitive process or concept according to Jean Piaget.

• A child sees a flying squirrel for the first time and immediately calls it a 'bird.'

• Assimilation

• A child sees a zebra for the first time and calls it a 'horse,' then learns it is a different animal and changes their mental category.

• Algorithm

• The best example or mental image of a category, such as a robin for the category 'bird.'

• Accommodation

• A step-by-step procedure used to solve a math problem.

• Prototypes

Mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, or people are called:

• Heuristics

• Algorithms

• Fixations

• Concepts

Generating a wide range of possible solutions to a single problem, often associated with creativity, is known as:

• Convergent thinking

• Divergent thinking

• Mental set

• Confirmation bias

Match each problem-solving strategy with its correct description.

• A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution but can be time-consuming.

• Algorithms

• A problem-solving shortcut that does not guarantee a solution but is faster.

• Insight

• The tendency to approach problems using a method that has worked in the past.

• Mental set

• A sudden realization of a problem's solution.

• Heuristics

The tendency to search for information that supports a pre-existing belief while ignoring contradictory evidence is called:

• Mental set

• Confirmation bias

• Availability heuristic

• Framing

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

After a plane crash, people often overestimate the danger of flying because the vivid image of the crash is easily recalled. This is an example of the:

• Representativeness heuristic

• Belief perseverance

• Availability heuristic

• Framing effect

A test-taker has difficulty solving a problem because they can only see the objects involved in terms of their typical or intended function. This obstacle is called:

• Mental set

• Belief perseverance

• Functional fixedness

• Overconfidence

Convincing yourself that a product is safe because it is labeled '90% fat-free' rather than '10% fat' is an example of how decision-making is affected by (a)   .

• Overconfidence
• Intuition
• Framing
• Mental set

Which component of the Multi-store Model of Memory has a large capacity but a very short duration (less than a second)?

• Short-term memory

• Long-term memory

• Sensory memory

• Working memory

The conscious, effortful encoding of facts and general knowledge is known as (a)   .

• Automatic processing
• Explicit memory
• Implicit memory
• Source amnesia