Analyzing Text Structures in Passages

Social media addiction among teenagers has reached alarming levels, with studies showing 45% spend over six hours daily on platforms. This excessive use disrupts sleep patterns, reduces face-to-face social skills, and negatively impacts academic performance. To combat this growing issue, schools are implementing digital wellness curricula that teach healthy online habits. Parents are encouraged to establish tech-free zones during family meals and study time, while mental health professionals recommend gradual reduction strategies rather than complete elimination of social media use.

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The process of volcanic eruption follows a predictable sequence of events. Initially, magma accumulates in underground chambers, creating pressure that fractures surrounding rock. Next, gas bubbles form within the magma as it rises toward the surface. Subsequently, the volcano begins showing warning signs such as small earthquakes and gas emissions. Finally, the eruption occurs when pressure exceeds the strength of the overlying rock, sending lava, ash, and gases into the atmosphere.

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CCSS.RI.11-12.5

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Deforestation in tropical regions removes millions of trees annually, eliminating crucial carbon storage systems. As forests disappear, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere increase significantly. This rise in greenhouse gases intensifies global warming, which then triggers more frequent extreme weather events including hurricanes, droughts, and flooding. These climate changes further stress remaining forest ecosystems, creating a dangerous cycle of environmental degradation.

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CCSS.RI.11-12.5

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The human brain contains approximately 86 billion neurons interconnected through trillions of synapses. This remarkable organ weighs about three pounds and consumes 20% of the body's total energy despite representing only 2% of body weight. The cerebral cortex, with its characteristic wrinkled surface, houses areas responsible for language, memory, and conscious thought. Deep within the brain, the limbic system processes emotions and forms memories, while the brainstem controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate.

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CCSS.RI.11-12.5

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Plastic pollution in oceans threatens marine ecosystems and human food chains, with over 8 million tons entering waterways annually. Marine biologists and environmental engineers have developed innovative solutions to address this crisis. Ocean cleanup arrays use currents to concentrate floating debris for collection, while researchers create biodegradable alternatives to replace single-use plastics. Additionally, international treaties now regulate plastic waste disposal, and educational campaigns promote consumer awareness about reducing plastic consumption.

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CCSS.RI.11-12.5

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Online learning platforms offer flexibility and accessibility that traditional classrooms cannot match, allowing students to learn at their own pace from anywhere with internet access. However, in-person education provides immediate feedback, hands-on laboratory experiences, and spontaneous discussions that digital formats struggle to replicate. While online courses often cost less and accommodate working students' schedules, traditional classrooms foster stronger peer relationships and offer better support for students who need structured environments to succeed.

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CCSS.RI.11-12.5

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Protein synthesis in cells begins when DNA unwinds and exposes specific gene sequences. First, RNA polymerase reads the DNA template and creates messenger RNA (mRNA) through transcription. The mRNA then travels from the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Next, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome, where translation occurs. Finally, amino acids link together in the correct sequence to form functional proteins that carry out cellular processes.

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CCSS.RI.11-12.5

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Prolonged exposure to air pollution causes respiratory inflammation and reduces lung capacity in urban populations. This damage weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and chronic diseases. As health problems increase, medical costs rise dramatically for both individuals and healthcare systems. The economic burden then forces governments to allocate more resources to healthcare rather than prevention, perpetuating a cycle where pollution continues to harm public health and drain economic resources.

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CCSS.RI.11-12.5

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CCSS.RI.9-10.5

The Sahara Desert spans approximately 3.6 million square miles across North Africa, making it roughly the size of the United States. This vast landscape features towering sand dunes that can reach heights of 600 feet, alongside rocky plateaus and scattered oases. Temperatures soar above 120°F during summer days but can drop below freezing on winter nights. Despite harsh conditions, the desert supports diverse wildlife including fennec foxes, addax antelopes, and various reptile species adapted to extreme heat and water scarcity.

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CCSS.RI.11-12.5

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Renewable energy sources like solar and wind power generate electricity without producing greenhouse gases or depleting natural resources. Fossil fuels, in contrast, release carbon dioxide and other pollutants while consuming finite coal, oil, and gas reserves. Although renewable technologies require higher initial investments, they provide free energy once installed, whereas fossil fuel plants demand continuous fuel purchases and maintenance. While renewable energy depends on weather conditions, fossil fuels offer consistent power generation regardless of environmental factors.

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CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5