Chapter 13

"Jumping genes" that have the ability to move within and between chromosomes are called

• transposons.

• retroviruses.

• introns.

• exons.

A deletion of one base pair that alters the sequence of codons is called a(n)

• transposon.

•  

  frameshift mutation.

• substitution mutation.

• carcinogen.

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Mutagens and carcinogens are associated with

• mispairing during replication.

• transposon activity.

• spontaneous mutations.

• induced mutations.

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All of these are considered carcinogens EXCEPT

• cigarette smoke.

• ethylene dibromide (EDB).

• cabbage and related vegetables.

• ultraviolet light.

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Which of the below is NOT likely to increase your chances of developing some form of cancer?

• exposure to higher doses of radiation including X-rays

• eating genetically modified foods

• having a high incidence of cancer in your family history

• exposure to carcinogens

Thymine dimers

•  

  form when DNA is exposed to carcinogens such as tobacco smoke.

• form when DNA is exposed to UV radiation.

• are rarely removed by DNA repair enzymes.

• result in abnormal protein structure which causes red blood cells to sickle.

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Which of the below statements is NOT true of transposons?

• They may alter the expression of neighboring genes especially if the transposon is a regulator gene.

• They are specific DNA sequences that move within and between chromosomes.

• They have been discovered in corn, fruit flies, bacteria, and humans.

• They always result in production of abnormal proteins.

Which of the below is NOT true of point mutations?

• They are due to a change in one DNA nucleotide.

• They may change a specific codon.

• They can cause a genetic disease such as sickle-cell disease that is due to a base change that codes for valine rather than glutamate.

• They cause the promoter to move to a different place in the DNA.

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Which of the below statements is NOT true of frameshift mutations?

• Can result in a completely new codon sequence that results in the production of non-functional proteins.

• Most often happen when one or more nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA.

• Apply to the reading frame (sequence of codons) being changed.

• Result from a base substitution.

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Which of the below statements are NOT true of germ-line mutations?

• They occur in sex cells.

• They can be passed to subsequent generations.

• They occur only on X or Y chromosomes.

• They may range from having no effect to completely inactivating protein activity.

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