Cell Energy Review

The stacks of disks in the chloroplast are called grana. Each granum (singular of grana) consists of thylakoids, which are the sites of photosynthesis, while stroma refers to the fluid surrounding these structures.

The interior space of the chloroplast is called the stroma. It is the fluid-filled area surrounding the thylakoids, where the Calvin cycle occurs, making it essential for photosynthesis.

The correct equation for photosynthesis is 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂, which shows that carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen, highlighting the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.

The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by temperature, carbon dioxide levels, and light intensity, as these factors affect the efficiency of the photosynthetic process. Oxygen concentration does not significantly impact the rate.

Leaves look green because they contain a molecule named chlorophyll, which absorbs light in the blue and red wavelengths and reflects green light, giving leaves their characteristic color.

Changing daylight hours from 14 hrs to 10 hrs reduces light availability, which is crucial for photosynthesis. While other options may affect photosynthesis, this change directly decreases the rate.

Sugars will not be produced because carbon dioxide is a crucial reactant in photosynthesis. Without it, the plant cannot convert light energy into chemical energy, halting sugar production.

The Calvin Cycle is also known as the Dark Reaction or Light Independent Reaction because it does not require light directly to occur, unlike the Light Dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

The Dark Reaction, also known as the Calvin cycle, uses 6 CO2 as a key reactant to produce glucose. The other options, 6 O2 and 6 H2O, are not direct reactants in this phase, making 6 CO2 the correct choice.